| 1. |
- Fenstermacher, M.E., et al.
(författare)
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DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation.
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| 5. |
- Welander-Vatn, Audun, et al.
(författare)
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The neural correlates of cognitive control in bipolar I disorder : an fMRI study of medial frontal cortex activation during a Go/No-go task
- 2013
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 549, s. 51-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In addition to dysregulation of mood, bipolar I disorder (BD I) is characterized by abnormalities in the execution of cognitive control. Hypoactivation of a specific sub-region in the cognitive control network, located in the medial frontal cortex, has been described among BD I patients. The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients with BD I showed decreased activation in this brain region as compared to healthy controls when performing a cognitive control task. Twenty-four BD I patients and 24 healthy controls performed a Go/No-go task during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) session. Performance and response times were recorded. The BD I subjects had significantly slower response times and more patients made errors of omission compared to the healthy controls during the task. Both BD I subjects and healthy controls demonstrated activations in the brain region of interest during the task, but analyses revealed no statistically significant differences between groups. Although the patients display some deviances in behavioural measures, this study reveals no significant differences between BD I subjects and healthy controls in recruitment of the medial frontal cortex during a Go/No-go task.
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| 6. |
- Axelsson, J, et al.
(författare)
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Decolorization of the textile dyes Reactive Red 2 and Reactive Blue 4 using Bjerkandera sp Strain BOL 13 in a continuous rotating biological contactor reactor
- 2006
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Ingår i: Enzyme and Microbial Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-0229. ; 39:1, s. 32-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The decolorization of two different textile dyes, Reactive Red 2 and Reactive Blue 4, was studied in batch as well as continuous experiments using Bjerkandera sp. Strain BOL 13. The batch experiments were performed to study the decolorization of the dyes separately as well as in a mixture. The results from the experiments showed that the fungus decolorized both dyes. The absorbance was measured at 538 and 595 nm, the peak absorbance wavelengths of the red and blue dyes respectively. The absorbance decreased with 99% at both 538 and 595 nm in the experiments in which the dyes were studied separately at a concentration of 100 mg/l. The corresponding figure for the experiment in which the dyes were studied in a mixture was 98%. A continuous rotating biological contactor was then used to study the decolorization of mixtures of the two dyes at three different concentrations, e.g. 50, 100 and 200 mg/l of each of the dyestuff. The decrease in absorbance at 538 nm was 96% at the two lower dye concentrations while it was 81% at the highest concentration. The corresponding figures at 595 nm were 94 and 80%. The hydraulic retention time was 3 days. Scanning of the absorbance between 200 and 800 nm showed that three peaks disappeared in the UV range during treatment (246, 283 and 323.5 nm) and that a new plateau was formed around 270 nm. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Cervin, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of Popliteal Aneurysm by Open and Endovascular Surgery: A Contemporary Study of 592 Procedures in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-2165 .- 1078-5884. ; 50:3, s. 342-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS Previous comparisons between open and endovascular repair of popliteal aneurysms have focused on asymptomatic patients, and have short follow up. This study is strengthened by the fact that it is contemporary, population based, without any selection bias, reporting on all kinds of presentations, and has approximately 90% 1 year follow up data. It shows that endovascular repair has significantly inferior results compared with open repair, in particular in the group of patients who present with acute ischaemia. We believe these results will make many vascular surgeons think twice before they treat patients endovascularly in the future. Background: Popliteal aneurysm (PA) is traditionally treated by open repair (OR). Endovascular repair (ER) has become more common. The aim was to describe time trends and compare results (OR/ER). Methods: The Swedish vascular registry, Swedvasc, has a specific PA module. Data were collected (2008-2012) and supplemented with a specific protocol (response rate 99.1%). Data were compared with previously published data (1994-2002) from the same database. Results: The number of operations for PA was 15.7/million person-years (8.3 during 1994-2001). Of 592 interventions for PA (499 patients), 174 (29.4%) were treated for acute ischaemia, 13 (2.2%) for rupture, 105 (17.7%) for other symptoms, and 300 (50.7%) were asymptomatic (31.5% were treated for acute ischaemia, 1994-2002, p = .58). There were no differences in background characteristics between OR and ER in the acute ischaennia group. The symptomatic and asymptomatic groups treated with ER were older (p = .006, p < .001). ER increased 3.6 fold (4.7% 1994-2002, 16.7% 2008-2012, p = .0001). Of those treated for acute ischaemia, a stent graft was used in 27 (16.4%). Secondary patency after ER was 70.4% at 30 days and 47.6% at 1 year, versus 93.1% and 86.8% after OR (p = .001, < .001). The amputation rate at 30 days was 14.8% after ER, 3.7% after OR (p = .022), and 17.4% and 6.8% at 1 year (p = .098). A stent graft was used in 18.3% for asymptomatic PA. Secondary patency after ER was 94.5% at 30 days and 83.7% at 1 year, compared with 98.8% and 93.5% after OR (p = .043 and 0.026). OR was performed with vein graft in 87.6% (395/451), with better primary and secondary patency at 1 year than prosthetic grafts (p = .002 and < .001), and with a posterior approach in 20.8% (121/581). Conclusions: The number of operations for PA doubled while the indications remained similar. ER patency was inferior to OR, especially after treatment for acute ischaemia, and the amputation risk tended to be higher, despite similar pre-operative characteristics. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society for Vascular Surgery. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Lilly, et al.
(författare)
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Participation in everyday school activities for children with and without disabilities
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1056-263X .- 1573-3580. ; 19:5, s. 485-502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children with disabilities attending regular school often need more support than other children in order to participate in different school activities. Are children with disabilities included and do they participate in the same activities as their peers? During one school day, 66 children, 33 children with disabilities, were observed at school. After school the children were interviewed about participation in school activities and their social networks and they self-rated their autonomy. The results showed that children with disabilities have lower participation both in structured and unstructured activities. In structured activities differences existed primarily in math, practical subjects, and science. Children with disabilities had fewer friends and rated their autonomy lower. The difference in participation for children with and without disabilities is context specific; it indicates that professionals need to consider context specificity in developing interventions to increase participation.
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| 9. |
- Fagerqvist, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Monoclonal antibodies selective for α-synuclein oligomers/protofibrils recognize brain pathology in Lewy body disorders and α-synuclein transgenic mice with the disease-causing A30P mutation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurochemistry. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-3042 .- 1471-4159. ; 126:1, s. 131-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inclusions of intraneuronal alpha-synuclein (-synuclein) can be detected in brains of patients with Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. The aggregation of -synuclein is a central feature of the disease pathogenesis. Among the different -synuclein species, large oligomers/protofibrils have particular neurotoxic properties and should therefore be suitable as both therapeutic and diagnostic targets. Two monoclonal antibodies, mAb38F and mAb38E2, with high affinity and strong selectivity for large -synuclein oligomers were generated. These antibodies, which do not bind amyloid-beta or tau, recognize Lewy body pathology in brains from patients with Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies and detect pathology earlier in -synuclein transgenic mice than linear epitope antibodies. An oligomer-selective sandwich ELISA, based on mAb38F, was set up to analyze brain extracts of the transgenic mice. The overall levels of -synuclein oligomers/protofibrils were found to increase with age in these mice, although the levels displayed a large interindividual variation. Upon subcellular fractionation, higher levels of -synuclein oligomers/protofibrils could be detected in the endoplasmic reticulum around the age when behavioral disturbances develop. In summary, our novel oligomer-selective -synuclein antibodies recognize relevant pathology and should be important tools to further explore the pathogenic mechanisms in Lewy body disorders. Moreover, they could be potential candidates both for immunotherapy and as reagents in an assay to assess a potential disease biomarker.
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