| 1. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Using the Karolinska Scales of Personality on male juveniles in correctional institutions : some psychometric issues
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overriding aim of the present study was to psychometrically evaluate the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) in a delinquent sample. The KSP was administered to a group of male juvenile delinquents (N = 47, mean age 17 years; SD = 1.2) from four representative Swedish national correctional institutions for serious offenders with conduct disorder, and evaluated by means of statistical methods. As expected, reliability in terms of internal consistency, measured by Cronbach's alpha, for some basic scales (Socialization, Muscular Tension, Somatic Anxiety, and Impulsiveness) was high (> .70). However, according to previous research, all aggressiveness and hostility-related scales, with the exception of Verbal aggression scale, showed low reliability. Reliability in terms of homogeneity, measured by mean interitem correlations, was acceptable (> .20) for 6 out of 15 scales. Factor analysis (maximum likelihood) arrived in this sample at a four-factor solution. Issues regardingthe interpretation of reliability, in terms of Cronbach's alpha or scale homogeneity, are highlighted. The concepts of reliability of personality measures in deviant groups are discussed and also possible guidelines for the construction of personality inventories in groups of this kind. The results are briefly discussed from a cultural perspective.
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| 3. |
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Face mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic: how risk perception, experience with COVID-19, and attitude towards government interact with country-wide policy stringency
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, governments imposed numerous regulations to protect public health, particularly the (mandatory) use of face masks. However, the appropriateness and effectiveness of face mask regulations have been widely discussed, as is apparent from the divergent measures taken across and within countries over time, including mandating, recommending, and discouraging their use. In this study, we analyse how country-level policy stringency and individual-level predictors associate with face mask use during the early stages of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Method: First, we study how (self and other-related) risk perception, (direct and indirect) experience with COVID-19, attitude towards government and policy stringency shape face mask use. Second, we study whether there is an interaction between policy stringency and the individual-level variables. We conduct multilevel analyses exploiting variation in face mask regulations across countries and using data from approximately 7,000 students collected in the beginning of the pandemic (weeks 17 through 19 2020) Results: We show that policy stringency is strongly positively associated with face mask use. We find a positive association between self-related risk perception and mask use, but no relationship of mask use with experience with COVID-19 and attitudes towards government. However, in the interaction analyses, we find that government trust and perceived clarity of communication moderate the link between stringency and mask use, with positive government perceptions relating to higher use in countries with regulations and to lower use in countries without regulations. Conclusions: We highlight that those countries that aim for widespread use of face masks should set strict measures, stress self-related risks of COVID-19, and use clear communication.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Jeaneth, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Gender Smart Arena
- 2020
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 5. |
- Lakomaa, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Work Environment and Competition in Swedish Schools, 1999-2011
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research on schools’ work environment highlights socioeconomic conditions (SES) as primary drivers of work environment, but evidence to date is primarily limited to cross-sectional samples. Research on school competition has revealed important effects on educational outcomes, but effects on work environment are largely unknown. We bridge these literatures by studying the work environment in all Swedish junior high schools and high schools using detailed data on complaints and incidences of disorder, including violence. Comparing educational levels to gauge differences in degree of choice made possible by competition, we overall find more adverse work environment in junior high schools facing stronger school competition and with many low-SES students in either the school or the region. Conversely, we find better work environment in high schools facing stronger school competition, and in high schools with a large share of students with foreign background. To assess causal effects of competition on work environment we compare regions that introduced competition versus those that have not in a difference-in-difference framework. In such regions only complaints in high schools decrease after competition is introduced. We highlight the importance of including multiple measures of both competition and work environment.
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