| 1. |
- Eliasson, Ingegärd, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Climate and behaviour in a Nordic city
- 2007
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Ingår i: LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-2046 .- 1872-6062. ; 82:1-2, s. 72-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four urban public spaces, representing various designs and microclimates, were investigated in Gothenburg, Sweden, in order to estimate how weather and microclimate affect people in urban outdoor environments. The research strategy was both multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary and included scientists from three disciplines: architecture, climatology and psychology. The project is based on common case studies carried out during four seasons, including measurements of meteorological variables, interviews and observations of human activity at each place. Multiple regression analysis of meteorological and behavioural data showed that air temperature, wind speed and clearness index (cloud cover) have a significant influence on people's assessments of the weather, place perceptions and place-related attendance. The results support the arguments in favour of employing climate sensitive planning in future urban design and planning projects, as the physical component of a place can be designed to influence the site-specific microclimate and consequently people's place-related attendance, perceptions and emotions.
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| 2. |
- Kilebrant, Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION THERAPY IN CHILDREN WITH SEVERE MOTOR DISABILITIES
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Foundation for Rehabilitation Information. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 47:3, s. 223-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study the effect of whole-body vibration therapy on bone mass, bone turnover and body composition in severely disabled children. Methods: Nineteen non-ambulatory children aged 5.1-16.3 years (6 males, 13 females) with severe motor disabilities participated in an intervention programme with standing exercise on a self-controlled dynamic platform, which included whole-body vibration therapy (vibration, jump and rotation movements). Whole-body vibration therapy was performed at 40-42 Hz, with an oscillation amplitude of 0.2 mm, 5-15 min/treatment, twice/week for 6 months. Bone mass parameters and bone markers were measured at the study start, and after 6 and 12 months. Results: Whole-body vibration therapy was appreciated by the children. Total-body bone mineral density increased during the study period (p less than0.05). Z-scores for total-body bone mineral density ranged from -5.10 to -0.60 at study start and remained unchanged throughout. Approximately 50% of the subjects had increased levels of carboxy-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen and decreased levels of osteocalcin at the start. Body mass index did not change during the intervention period, but had increased by the 12-month follow-up (pless than 0.05). Conclusion: Whole-body vibration therapy appeared to be well tolerated by children with severe motor disabilities. Total-body bone mineral density increased after 6 months of whole-body vibration therapy. Higher carboxy-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen and lower osteocalcin values indicated that severely disabled children have a reduced capacity for bone acquisition.
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| 3. |
- Lindqvist, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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[11C]Hyaluronan uptake with positron emission tomography in liver disease
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Investigation. - : Wiley. - 0014-2972 .- 1365-2362. ; 30:7, s. 600-607
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BackgroundA hyaluronan-loading test has been developed for assessment of hyaluronan kinetics and applied in patients with liver and joint diseases. This test describes the metabolic process of hyaluronan but cannot define the specific contribution of different organs. A method for labelling of hyaluronan with the short-lived positron-emitting radionuclide 11C has been published and in this study applied in healthy subjects and liver diseases.Materials and methodsPositron emission tomography (PET) was used for the regional assessment and quantification of [11C]hyaluronan uptake in three healthy subjects, four patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, one with alcoholic hepatitis and one with liver steatosis. After intravenous administration of 60 MBq of 11C-labelled hyaluronan, a 55-min PET scan was performed over the liver and plasma radioactivity was analysed. Rate constants describing the transport of the [11C]hyaluronan tracer from plasma to the liver were calculated.ResultsHigh uptake was observed in the liver combined with a rapid elimination of tracer from plasma. The liver uptake rate (k1) was significantly lower in patients (0.018 min−1) than in healthy subjects (0.043 min−1, P = 0.002). The rate constants seem to be related to the severity of the disease as defined by the Child–Pugh score.ConclusionsThe study suggests that PET with [11C]hyaluronan could be an accurate method by which to assess liver dysfunction, in conditions where endothelial cell function is impaired. The possibility of quantification over extended portions of the body also opens up possibilities to explore regional differences in liver function and to assess other elimination routes of hyaluronan.
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| 4. |
- Skote, M., et al.
(författare)
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Numerical and experimental studies of wind environment in an urban morphology
- 2005
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 39:33, s. 6147-6158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the paper is to examine the relation between urban morphology (three-dimensional structure) and windiness. We regard a city as a porous obstacle, which is open at the top. We consider the interaction between the atmospheric boundary layer and a city to be both a function of the overall shape (silhouette or skyline) and the internal resistance to the flow caused by the friction when the wind flows over the urban surfaces. We regard the street pattern as an interconnected flow network with the crossings as nodes. Flow, along the streets is generated by pressure differences. We here use a highly idealized city model consisting of a circular block divided into two or four equally large sectors. Two types of cases are studied, the first with only one street through the city model with different angles between the street and the oncoming wind. The second case also contains a perpendicularly crossing street (through the center). Both wind tunnel experiments and numerical flow computations (computational fluid dynamics, CFD) are used and compared. The general agreement between the two is good and the CFD method offers new possibilities for quantifying the urban wind environment.
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| 5. |
- Wallhagen, Marita, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Framework for Detailed Comparison of Building Environmental Assessment Tools
- 2013
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Ingår i: Buildings. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI AG. - 2075-5309. ; 3:1, s. 39-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding how Building Environmental Assessments Tools (BEATs) measure and define “environmental” building is of great interest to many stakeholders, but it is difficult to understand how BEATs relate to each other, as well as to make detailed and systematic tool comparisons. A framework for comparing BEATs is presented in the following which facilitates an understanding and comparison of similarities and differences in terms of structure, content, aggregation, and scope. The framework was tested by comparing three distinctly different assessment tools; LEED-NC v3, Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH), and EcoEffect. Illustrations of the hierarchical structure of the tools gave a clear overview of their structural differences. When using the framework, the analysis showed that all three tools treat issues related to the main assessment categories: Energy and Pollution, Indoor Environment, and Materials and Waste. However, the environmental issues addressed, and the parameters defining the object of study, differ and, subsequently, so do rating, results, categories, issues, input data, aggregation methodology, and weighting. This means that BEATs measure “environmental” building differently and push “environmental” design in different directions. Therefore, tool comparisons are important, and the framework can be used to make these comparisons in a more detailed and systematic way.
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| 6. |
- Wallhagen, Marita, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Les outils de mesure de la durabilité des bâtiments : comparaison transnationale
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annales de la Recherche Urbaine. - Paris : Ministère de l'Écologie, de l'Énergie, du Développement durable et de l'aménagement du territoire. - 0180-930X. ; :105, s. 94-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Les outils d'évaluation environnementale des bâtiments se développent rapidement dans de nombreux pays. Tous prétendent mesurer la qualité environnementale ou la durabilité des bâtiments, et donnent un maximum de points à ce qui est durable d'une manière ou d'une autre. Mais pour l'instant il n'y a pas de consensus sur le sens des mots « vert » ou « durables » en termes de critères et d'indicateurs. Que cherchent à mesurer les indicateurs existant? Trois outils d'évaluation ont été retenus, l'américain LEED-NC, le britannique Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH) et le suédois EcoEffect. Ils ont trois champs d'évaluation principale en commun : l'énergie, l'environnement intérieur, les matériaux et les déchets. En revanche les contenus sont différents. Ces outils ont été comparés quant à leur but, leur contenu, et leur manière d'agréger les items. Ils ont été testés sur un immeuble neuf de plusieurs étages. Les résultats de leur application à cet immeuble divergent, ce qui pose la question de la définition d'outils d'évaluation réellement pertinents.
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| 7. |
- Westerberg, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Labelling of polysaccharides using [11C]cyanogen bromide : In vivo and in vitro evaluation of 11C-hyaluronan uptake kinetics
- 1995
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Ingår i: Nuclear Medicine and Biology. - 0969-8051 .- 1872-9614. ; 22:2, s. 251-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for the 11C-labelling of polysaccharides in high specific radioactivity is described. Dextran and hyaluronan were treated with [11C]cyanogen bromide in aqueous solution at pH 11.5 to give 30-47% radiochemical yields with higher than 98% radiochemical purity in synthesis times of 24-26 min counted from the end of bombardment. Specific radioactivities at the end of synthesis ranged from 0.12 to 3.1 Ci/mumol. The biodistribution kinetics of [11C]hyaluronan injected intravenously was studied in rats by means of positron emission tomography, showing a rapid and displaceable uptake in liver. Uptake and displacement of [11C]hyaluronan was also demonstrated in cultured rat liver endothelial cells.
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