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- Thurfjell, David, 1973-
(författare)
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Living Shi'ism : Instances of Ritualisation among Islamist Men in Contemporary Iran
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Iranian Shi‘ism is, among other things, known for its rituals of sorrow. In the contemporary Iranian context, active participation in these rituals has become a sign of support for the Islamist regime. The aim of this study is to discuss the ritual activities in the lives of a group of supporters of the regime. It seeks to explore the purposes and meanings of intense ritual commitment among Islamist individuals on a grass-roots level. Based on interviews with five individuals and fieldwork in their mosque community in Esfahān during the years 1999–2003, the study characterises different levels of meaning in their ritual activity. To begin with, there is a canonical level of meaning, a framework of Islamic theology and law in which religiously prescribed conduct has its given place and purpose. In the community of my informants, this canonical meaning is conveyed at public gatherings that are lead by religious authorities. The paramount concept discussed at these meetings is virtue, taqvā. At lectures, Koran classes and prayer meetings ritual activity is related to ambition to uphold moral purity in a world of temptations. To a certain extent the values, ideas and modes of conduct that are promoted by the authorities become the thoughts and behaviour of the individual informants. This hap-pens through a social authorisation process. Although the informants are much aware of canonical meanings they also construe ritual activities in their own personal ways. They find meanings which, although they do not necessarily contradict the canonical ones, are related to the informants’ own life situations. Hence, there is also a self-referential level of meaning in the ritual activity. This level differs between the various individuals and may change from one time to another.Finally, there is an embodied meaning in ritual activity which is difficult to verbalise. Ritual is not only performed ideas, but also bodily experience in its own right. The strongly emotional rituals to which my informants are committed are clear examples of this as they are experienced in and expressed through the body. The meaning of ritual, then, is created through a conglomeration of the culturally conveyed canonical interpreta-tions of life and of the informants’ own embodied experiences.
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- Østebø, Terje, 1968-
(författare)
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Localising Salafism : Religious Change among Oromo Muslims in Bale, Ethiopia
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The political transition in 1991 and the new regime’s policy towards the ethnic and religious diversity in Ethiopia have contributed to increased activities from various Islamic reform movements. Among these, we find the Salafi movement which expanded rapidly throughout the 1990s, particularly in the Oromo-speaking south-eastern parts of the country such as Hararge, Arsi and Bale. This dissertation, based on findings from an extensive fieldwork, sheds light on the emergence and expansion of Salafism in Bale. Following the Salafi movement’s development from the 1960s to 2006, it first deals with its early arrival at the end of the Imperial period (late 1960s). Secondly, the study focuses on Salafism during the Marxist period (1974-1991) before discussing the rapid expansion of the movement in the 1990s. The movement’s dynamics and the controversies emerging as a result of the reforms are discussed, particularly with reference to different understandings of sources for religious knowledge and the role of Islamic literacy. The study demonstrates how the religious reforms were connected to wider political, socio-economic and cultural changes, in the sense that improved means of communication paved the way for increased travelling and flows of new ideas into Bale. The study underscores the significance of agents in the process of change, and focuses on the roles of local reformers and Islamic scholars returning from studies in Saudi Arabia in the late 1960s. It also sees the reciprocal process between agents and audience and between stimulus and response as crucial in the process of religious change. This is connected to the issue of localisation and the ways new ideas are coloured by the particularities of the context in which they are introduced. Although Salafism has the character of a trans-national movement, the ways it was remoulded in Bale demonstrates its diversity and points to the importance of locality in construing Salafism.
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| 6. |
- Akerblad, P, et al.
(författare)
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Gene expression analysis suggests that EBF-1 and PPAR gamma 2 induce adipogenesis of NIH-3T3 cells with similar efficiency and kinetics
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physiological Genomics. - : American Physiological Society. - 1094-8341 .- 1531-2267. ; 23:2, s. 206-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells into lipid-accumulating adipocytes is a physiological process induced by transcription factors in combination with hormonal stimulation. We have used Affymetrix microarrays to compare the adipogenic differentiation pathways of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts induced to undergo in vitro differentiation by ectopic expression of early B cell factor (EBF)-1 or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma 2. These experiments revealed that commitment to the adipogenic pathway in the NIH-3T3 cells was not reflected in gene expression until 4 days after induction of differentiation. Furthermore, gene expression patterns at the earlier time points after stimulation indicated that EBF-1 and PPAR gamma 2 induced different sets of genes, while the similarities increased upon differentiation, and that several genes linked to adipocyte differentiation were also transiently induced in the vector-transduced cells. These data suggest that the initial activation of genes associated with adipocyte development is independent of commitment to the adipogenic pathway and that EBF-1 and PPAR gamma 2 induce adipocyte differentiation with comparable kinetics and efficiency.
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| 7. |
- Alvarez López, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Afroamerikanska religioner
- 2012
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Ingår i: Religion i Latinamerika. - Stockholm : Dialogos Förlag. - 9789175042466 ; , s. 226-259
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Dragano, Nico, et al.
(författare)
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Effort-Reward Imbalance at Work and Incident Coronary Heart Disease A Multicohort Study of 90,164 Individuals
- 2017
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Ingår i: Epidemiology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 28:4, s. 619-626
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Epidemiologic evidence for work stress as a risk factor for coronary heart disease is mostly based on a single measure of stressful work known as job strain, a combination of high demands and low job control. We examined whether a complementary stress measure that assesses an imbalance between efforts spent at work and rewards received predicted coronary heart disease.Methods: This multicohort study (the "IPD-Work" consortium) was based on harmonized individual-level data from 11 European prospective cohort studies. Stressful work in 90,164 men and women without coronary heart disease at baseline was assessed by validated effort-reward imbalance and job strain questionnaires. We defined incident coronary heart disease as the first nonfatal myocardial infarction or coronary death. Study-specific estimates were pooled by random effects meta-analysis.Results: At baseline, 31.7% of study members reported effort-reward imbalance at work and 15.9% reported job strain. During a mean follow-up of 9.8 years, 1,078 coronary events were recorded. After adjustment for potential confounders, a hazard ratio of 1.16 (95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.35) was observed for effort-reward imbalance compared with no imbalance. The hazard ratio was 1.16 (1.01-1.34) for having either effort-reward imbalance or job strain and 1.41 (1.12-1.76) for having both these stressors compared to having neither effort-reward imbalance nor job strain.Conclusions: Individuals with effort-reward imbalance at work have an increased risk of coronary heart disease, and this appears to be independent of job strain experienced. These findings support expanding focus beyond just job strain in future research on work stress.
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