| 1. |
- Buchanan, E. M., et al.
(författare)
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The Psychological Science Accelerator's COVID-19 rapid-response dataset
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data.
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| 2. |
- Ahmadi, Ahmad, et al.
(författare)
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Association of a protective paraoxonase 1 (PON1) polymorphism in Parkinson's disease
- 2012
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 522:1, s. 30-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pesticide exposure has been suggested to increase the risk to develop Parkinson's disease (PD). The arylesterase paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is mainly expressed in the liver and hydrolyzes organophosphates such as pesticides. The polymorphism Leu54Met (rs854560) in PON1, impairing enzyme activity and leading to decreased PON1 expression levels, has been reported to be associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). PON1 is part of a cluster on chromosome 7q21.3 together with PON2 and PON3. We investigated the occurrence of four additional polymorphisms in PON1 and two in PON2 in a Swedish PD case-control material. We found a significant association (p = 0.007) with a PON1 promoter polymorphism, rs854571. The minor allele was more common among controls than PD cases which suggest a protective effect. This is strengthened by the fact that rs854571 is in strong linkage disequilibrium with another PON1 promoter polymorphism, rs854572, reported to increase PON1 gene expression. Our findings support the hypothesis that PON1 is involved in the etiology of PD and that higher PON1 levels are reducing the risk for PD. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Axelsson, Anton, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Asymmetric Synthesis of Dihydropyranones with Three Contiguous Stereocenters by an NHC-Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Organic Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 1434-193X .- 1099-0690. ; 2021:25, s. 3657-3661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An oxidative NHC-catalyzed kinetic resolution (KR) of racemic mixtures is presented. The developed reaction furnishes tricyclic dihydropyranones with three contiguous stereocenters in excellent dia- and enantioselectivity, with good-to-moderate yields. Mechanistic studies indicate that the rate-determining step of the reaction is the formation of the Breslow intermediate, while the selectivity determining step occurs later in the mechanism. The presented methodology enables rapid synthesis of complex structures in a single step.
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| 4. |
- Höglund Carlsson, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Prenatal ultrasound and childhood autism : long-term follow-up after a randomized controlled trial of first- vs second-trimester ultrasound
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0960-7692 .- 1469-0705. ; 48:3, s. 285-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To analyze whether the frequency of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a cohort of Swedish children differs between those exposed to ultrasound in the 12th week and those exposed to ultrasound in the 18th week of gestation.Methods: The study cohort consisted of approximately 30 000 children born between 1999 and 2003 to mothers who had been randomized to a prenatal ultrasound examination at either 12 or 18weeks' gestation as part of the framework for a study on nuchal translucency screening. The outcome measure in the present study was the rate of ASD diagnoses among the children. Information on ASD diagnoses was based on data from the Swedish social insurance agency concerning childcare allowance granted for ASD.Results: Between 1999 and 2003, a total of 14 726 children were born to women who underwent a 12-week ultrasound examination and 14 596 to women who underwent an 18-week ultrasound examination. Of these, 181 (1.2%) and 176 (1.2%) children, respectively, had been diagnosed with ASD. There was no difference in ASD frequency between the early and late ultrasound groups.Conclusions: Women subjected to at least one prenatal ultrasound examination at either 12 or 18weeks' gestation had children with similar rates of ASD. However, this result reflects routine care 10-15 years ago in Sweden. Today, higher intensity ultrasound scans are performed more frequently, at earlier stages during pregnancy and for non-medical purposes, implying longer exposure time for the fetus. This change in the use of ultrasound necessitates further follow-up study of the possible effects that high exposure to ultrasound during the gestational period has on the developing brain.
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| 5. |
- Mondal, Tanmoy, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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MEG3 long noncoding RNA regulates the TGF-β pathway genes through formation of RNA–DNA triplex structures
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression by association with chromatin, but how they target chromatin remains poorly understood. We have used chromatin RNA immunoprecipitation-coupled high-throughput sequencing to identify 276 lncRNAs enriched in repressive chromatin from breast cancer cells. Using one of the chromatin-interacting lncRNAs, MEG3, we explore the mechanisms by which lncRNAs target chromatin. Here we show that MEG3 and EZH2 share common target genes, including the TGF-β pathway genes. Genome-wide mapping of MEG3 binding sites reveals that MEG3 modulates the activity of TGF-β genes by binding to distal regulatory elements. MEG3 binding sites have GA-rich sequences, which guide MEG3 to the chromatin through RNA–DNA triplex formation. We have found that RNA–DNA triplex structures are widespread and are present over the MEG3 binding sites associated with the TGF-β pathway genes. Our findings suggest that RNA–DNA triplex formation could be a general characteristic of target gene recognition by the chromatin-interacting lncRNAs.
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| 6. |
- Ran, C., et al.
(författare)
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Strong association between glucocerebrosidase mutations and Parkinson's disease in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several genetic studies have demonstrated an association between mutations in glucocerebrosidase (GBA), originally implicated in Gaucher's disease, and an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). We have investigated the possible involvement of genetic GBA variations in PD in the Swedish population. Three GBA variants, E326K, N370S, and L444P were screened in the largest Swedish Parkinson cohort reported to date; 1625 cases and 2025 control individuals. We found a significant association with high effect size of the rare variant L444P with PD (odds ratio 8.17; 95% confidence interval: 2.51-26.23; p-value = 0.0020) and a significant association of the common variant E326K (odds ratio 1.60; 95% confidence interval: 1.16-2.22; p-value = 0.026). The rare variant N370S showed a trend for association. Most L444P carriers (68%) were found to reside in northern Sweden, which is consistent with a higher prevalence of Gaucher's disease in this part of the country. Our findings support the role of GBA mutations as risk factors for PD and point to lysosomal dysfunction as a mechanism contributing to PD etiology. (C) 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 7. |
- Arnberg, M., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of oil and global environmental drivers on two keystone marine invertebrates
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ocean warming (OW) and acidification (OA) are key features of global change and are predicted to have negative consequences for marine species and ecosystems. At a smaller scale increasing oil and gas activities at northern high latitudes could lead to greater risk of petroleum pollution, potentially exacerbating the effects of such global stressors. However, knowledge of combined effects is limited. This study employed a scenario-based, collapsed design to investigate the impact of one local acute stressor (North Sea crude oil) and two chronic global drivers (pH for OA and temperature for OW), alone or in combination on aspects of the biology of larval stages of two key invertebrates: the northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) and the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis). Both local and global drivers had negative effects on survival, development and growth of the larval stages. These effects were species- and stage-dependent. No statistical interactions were observed between local and global drivers and the combined effects of the two drivers were approximately equal to the sum of their separate effects. This study highlights the importance of adjusting regulation associated with oil spill prevention to maximize the resilience of marine organisms to predicted future global conditions. © 2018, The Author(s).
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| 8. |
- Barnevik Olsson, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Preschool to School in Autism : Neuropsychiatric Problems 8 Years After Diagnosis at 3 Years of Age
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of autism and developmental disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0162-3257 .- 1573-3432. ; 46:8, s. 2749-2755
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study presents neuropsychiatric profiles of children aged 11 with autism spectrum disorder, assessed before 4.5 years, and after interventions. The original group comprised a community sample of 208 children with ASD. Parents of 128 participated-34 with average intellectual function, 36 with borderline intellectual function and 58 with intellectual disability. They were interviewed using the Autism-Tics, AD/HD and other Comorbidities interview. Criteria for a clinical/subclinical proxy of ASD were met by 71, 89 and 95 %, respectively. Criteria for at least one of ASD, AD/HD, Learning disorder or Developmental Coordination Disorder were met by 82, 94 and 97 %. More than 90 % of children with a preschool diagnosis of ASD have remaining neuropsychiatric problems at 11, despite early intervention.
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| 9. |
- Brandao, Luiz Eduardo M., et al.
(författare)
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Acute sleep loss alters circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 levels in humans: A randomised crossover trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Sleep Research. - : Wiley. - 0962-1105 .- 1365-2869. ; 31:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) modulates tissue metabolism and circulates at higher levels in metabolic conditions associated with chronic sleep-wake disruption, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. In the present study, we investigated whether acute sleep loss impacts circulating levels of FGF21 and tissue-specific production, and response pathways linked to FGF21. A total of 15 healthy normal-weight young men participated in a randomised crossover study with two conditions, sleep loss versus an 8.5-hr sleep window. The evening before each intervention, fasting blood was collected. Fasting, post-intervention morning skeletal muscle and adipose tissue samples underwent quantitative polymerase chain reaction and DNA methylation analyses, and serum FGF21 levels were measured before and after an oral glucose tolerance test. Serum levels of FGF21 were higher after sleep loss compared with sleep, both under fasting conditions and following glucose intake (similar to 27%-30%, p = 0.023). Fasting circulating levels of fibroblast activation protein, a protein which can degrade circulating FGF21, were not altered by sleep loss, whereas DNA methylation in the FGF21 promoter region increased only in adipose tissue. However, even though specifically the muscle exhibited transcriptional changes indicating adverse alterations to redox and metabolic homeostasis, no tissue-based changes were observed in expression of FGF21, its receptors, or selected signalling targets, in response to sleep loss. In summary, we found that acute sleep loss resulted in increased circulating levels of FGF21 in healthy young men, which may occur independent of a tissue-based stress response in metabolic peripheral tissues. Further studies may decipher whether changes in FGF21 signalling after sleep loss modulate metabolic outcomes associated with sleep or circadian disruption.
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| 10. |
- Enerbäck, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of a mouth rinse and a high-fluoride toothpaste on caries incidence in orthodontic patients: A randomized controlled trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-5406. ; 162:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The objective was to evaluate the effect of a fluoride mouth rinse and a high-fluoride toothpaste on caries incidence in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Methods: In this 3-armed, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial, patients referred to the Specialist Clinic of Orthodontics, Mölndal, Sweden, were randomly allocated to 1 of the 3 groups. (1) Fluoride mouth rinse (FMR) group: 0.2 % sodium fluoride (NaF) mouth rinse plus 1450 ppm fluoride (F) toothpaste; (2) High-fluoride tootpaste (HFT) group: 5000 ppm F toothpaste; and (3) Control (CTR) group: 1450 ppm F toothpaste. The generation of a randomization sequence was performed in blocks of 30. Inclusion criteria included patients scheduled for treatment with fixed appliances in the maxillary and mandibular arch aged 12-20 years. The primary outcome variable was the change in Decayed Initial Filled Surfaces (ΔDiFS) based on radiographs taken before and after the treatment. For statistical comparisons between groups, the Kruskal–Wallis test were used for continuous variables, whereas the Mann-Whitney U-test was used for pairwise group comparisons. Furthermore, the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) based on clinically relevant cutoffs (DiFS ≥2) were calculated to compare the increase of caries during orthodontic treatment between 2 groups. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method was used to adjust RR for baseline values. Blinding was employed during the caries registration and the data analysis. Results: In total, 270 participants were randomized, with 15 patients dropping out, such that 255 patients were included in the statistical analyses. Recruitment was from October 2010 to December 2012. An increase in DiFS (≥1 DiFS) during treatment was observed in 48.3% of the FMR group, 42.0% of the HFT group, and 35.6% of the CTR group. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding increased DiFS (P = 0.17). The risk of increase in DiFS ≥2 during orthodontic treatment was 31.0% in the FMR group, 25.9% in the HFT group, and 18.4% in the CTR group. The RR for an increase of ≥2 DiFS during orthodontic treatment was 1.38 (95% CI, 0.81-2.34; P = 0.23) for FMR vs CTR, 1.21 (95% CI, 0.70-2.10; P = 0.51) for HFT vs CTR, and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.57-1.49; P = 0.76) for HFT vs FMR. Conclusions: In patients who demonstrate a low prevalence of caries and are undergoing orthodontic treatment, daily use of high-fluoride toothpaste or fluoride mouth rinse in combination with regular toothpaste does not appear to significantly alter the caries incidence compared with the use of regular toothpaste. Trial Registration: The trial was registered in the FoU i Sverige research database (http://www.fou.nu/is/sverige), with registration no. 236251. Protocol: The protocol was not published before trial commencement. Funding: Local Research and Development Board for Gothenburg and South Bohuslän (grant no. 768531); and The Swedish Patent Revenue Fund (grant number EKF-780/19).
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