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- Schöll, Michael, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Early astrocytosis in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease measured in vivo by multi-tracer positron emission tomography
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studying autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD), caused by gene mutations yielding nearly complete penetrance and a distinct age of symptom onset, allows investigation of presymptomatic pathological processes that can identify a therapeutic window for disease-modifying therapies. Astrocyte activation may occur in presymptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD) because reactive astrocytes surround beta-amyloid (A beta) plaques in autopsy brain tissue. Positron emission tomography was performed to investigate fibrillar A beta, astrocytosis and cerebral glucose metabolism with the radiotracers C-11-Pittsburgh compound-B (PIB), C-11-deuterium-L-deprenyl (DED) and F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) respectively in presymptomatic and symptomatic ADAD participants (n = 21), patients with mild cognitive impairment (n = 11) and sporadic AD (n = 7). Multivariate analysis using the combined data from all radiotracers clearly separated the different groups along the first and second principal components according to increased PIB retention/decreased FDG uptake (component 1) and increased DED binding (component 2). Presymptomatic ADAD mutation carriers showed significantly higher PIB retention than non-carriers in all brain regions except the hippocampus. DED binding was highest in presymptomatic ADAD mutation carriers. This suggests that non-fibrillar A beta or early stage plaque depostion might interact with inflammatory responses indicating astrocytosis as an early contributory driving force in AD pathology. The novelty of this finding will be investigated in longitudinal follow-up studies.
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| 2. |
- Li, X., et al.
(författare)
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White matter changes in familial Alzheimer's disease
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 278:2, s. 211-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundFamilial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) resulting from gene mutations in PSEN1, PSEN2 and APP is associated with changes in the brain. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate changes in grey matter (GM), white matter (WM) and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in FAD. SubjectsTen mutation carriers (MCs) with three different mutations in PSEN1 and APP and 20 noncarriers (NCs) were included in the study. Three MCs were symptomatic and seven were presymptomatic (pre-MCs). MethodsWhole-brain GM volume as well as fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) using voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics analyses, respectively, were compared between MCs and NCs. FA and MD maps were obtained from diffusion tensor imaging. ResultsA significant increase in MD was found in the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, cingulum and bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus in pre-MCs compared with NCs. After inclusion of the three symptomatic MCs in the analysis, the regions became wider. The mean MD of these regions showed significant negative correlation with the CSF level of A42, and positive correlations with P-tau(181p) and T-tau. No differences were observed in GM volume and FA between the groups. ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that FAD gene mutations affect WM diffusivity before changes in GM volume can be detected. The WM changes observed were related to changes in the CSF, with similar patterns previously observed in sporadic Alzheimer's disease.
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