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Sökning: WFRF:(Wieslander Anna) > Uppsala universitet

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2.
  • Kogevinas, Manolis, et al. (författare)
  • Exposure to substances in the workplace and new-onset asthma : an international prospective population-based study (ECRHS-II)
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 370:9584, s. 336-341
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background The role of exposure to substances in the workplace in new-onset asthma is not well characterised in population-based studies. We therefore aimed to estimate the relative and attributable risks of new-onset asthma in relation to occupations, work-related exposures, and inhalation accidents. Methods We studied prospectively 6837 participants from 13 countries who previously took part in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (1990-95) and did not report respiratory symptoms or a history of asthma at the time of the first study. Asthma was assessed by methacholine challenge test and by questionnaire data on asthma symptoms. Exposures were defined by high-risk occupations, an asthma-specific job exposure matrix with additional expert judgment, and through self-report of acute inhalation events. Relative risks for new onset asthma were calculated with log-binomial models adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and study Centre. Findings A significant excess asthma risk was seen after exposure to substances known to cause occupational asthma (Relative risk=1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.3, p=0.017). Risks were highest for asthma defined by bronchial hyper-reactivity in addition to symptoms (2.4,1.3-4.6, p=0.008). Of common occupations, a significant excess risk of asthma was seen for nursing (2.2,1.3-4.0, p=0.007). Asthma risk was also increased in participants who reported an acute symptomatic inhalation event such as fire, mixing cleaning products, or chemical spills (RR=3.3, 95% CI 1.0-11.1, p=0.051). The population-attributable risk for adult asthma due to occupational exposures ranged from 10% to 25%, equivalent to an incidence of new-onset occupational asthma of 250-300 cases per million people per year. Interpretation Occupational exposures account for a substantial proportion of adult asthma incidence. The increased risk of asthma after inhalation accidents suggests that workers who have such accidents should be monitored closely.
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3.
  • Norberg Wieslander, Kajsa, et al. (författare)
  • Research ethics committee members’ perspectives on paediatric research : a qualitative interview study
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Research Ethics. - 1747-0161 .- 2047-6094. ; 0:0
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Research ethics committees (RECs) have a crucial role in protecting children in research. However, studies on REC members’ perspectives on paediatric research are scarce. We conducted a qualitative study to explore Swedish scientific REC members’ perspectives on ethical aspects in applications involving children with severe health conditions. The REC members considered promoting participation, protecting children and regulatory adherence to be central aspects. The results underscored the importance of not neglecting ill children’s rights to adapted information and participation. REC members supported a contextual and holistic approach to vulnerability and risk, which considers the child’s and parents’ psychological wellbeing and the child’s integrity, both short and long term. The ethical complexity of paediatric research requires continuous ethical competence development within RECs.
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4.
  • Olsson, Caroline, 1970, et al. (författare)
  • Initial experience with introducing national guidelines for CT- and MRI-based delineation of organs at risk in radiotherapy
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 2405-6316. ; 11, s. 88-91
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A fundamental problem in radiotherapy is the variation of organ at risk (OAR) volumes. Here we present our initial experience in engaging a large Radiation Oncology (RO) community to agree on national guidelines for OAR delineations. Our project builds on associated standardization initiatives and invites professionals from all radiotherapy departments nationwide. Presently, one guideline (rectum) has successfully been agreed on by a majority vote. Reaching out to all relevant parties in a timely manner and motivating funding agencies to support the work represented early challenges. Population-based data and a scalable methodological approach are major strengths of the proposed strategy.
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