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- Andersson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Dysregulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow in overweight postmenopausal women
- 2010
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Ingår i: Menopause. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1072-3714 .- 1530-0374. ; 17:2, s. 365-371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: A putative link between abdominal obesity and metabolic-vascular complications after menopause may be due to a decreased adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF). The present work aimed to analyze possible changes in ATBF with being overweight and menopausal and its putative link to endothelial dysfunction and autonomic nervous system balance.METHODS: Forty-three healthy women were classified into four groups according to weight and menopause status. The ATBF was measured by xenon washout while fasting and after oral glucose intake. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine was used as a marker of endothelial function and heart rate variability-estimated autonomic nervous system activity.RESULTS: Fasting ATBF was decreased in both overweight groups (P = 0.044 and P = 0.048) versus normal-weight premenopausal women. Normal-weight and overweight postmenopausal women exhibited lower maximum ATBF compared with normal-weight premenopausal women (P = 0.015 and P = 0.001, respectively), and overweight postmenopausal women exhibited lower maximum ATBF compared with normal-weight postmenopausal women (P = 0.003). A negative correlation was found between fasting ATBF and asymmetric dimethylarginine (P = 0.015), whereas maximum ATBF was negatively associated with sympathetic-parasympathetic nervous system balance (ratio of the power of the low frequency to the power of the high frequency; P = 0.002).CONCLUSIONS: Loss of ATBF flexibility in overweight postmenopausal women may contribute to the metabolic dysfunction seen in this group of women.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Gerth, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Adhesion phenomena in the secondary shear zone in turning of austenitic stainless steel and carbon steel
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Processing Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-0136 .- 1873-4774. ; 214:8, s. 1467-1481
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to increase the understanding of the adhesion between chip and tool rake face by studying the initial material transfer to the tool during orthogonal machining at 150 m/min. Two types of work material were tested, an austenitic stainless steel, 316L, and a carbon steel, UHB 11. The tools used were cemented carbide inserts coated with hard ceramic coatings. Two different CVD coatings, TiN and Al2O3, produced with two different surface roughnesses, polished and rough, were tested. The influences of both tool surface topography and chemistry on the adhesion phenomena in the secondary shear zone were thus evaluated. Extensive surface analyses of the inserts after cutting were made using techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). As expected, cutting in the stainless steel resulted in a higher amount of adhered material, compared to cutting in the carbon steel. Remnants of built-up layers were found on the surfaces of the 316L chips but not on the UHB 11 chips. Moreover, it was shown that for both materials the tool roughness had a profound effect, with the rougher surfaces comprising much higher amounts of adhered material than the polished ones. Non-metallic inclusions from both types of workpiece steels accumulate in the high temperature area on the inserts. The general tendency was that higher amounts of transferred material were found on the TiN coating than on the Al2O3 coating after cutting.
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| 4. |
- Grip, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Classification of Neck Movement Patterns Related to Whiplash-Associated Disorders Using Neural Networks
- 2003
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on information technology in biomedicine. - : IEEE. - 1089-7771 .- 1558-0032. ; 7:4, s. 412-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a new method for classification of neck movement patterns related to Whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) using a resilient backpropagation neural network (BPNN). WAD are a common diagnosis after neck trauma, typically caused by rear-end car accidents. Since physical injuries seldom are found with present imaging techniques, the diagnosis can be difficult to make. The active range of the neck is often visually inspected in patients with neck pain, but this is a subjective measure, and a more objective decision support system, that gives a reliable and more detailed analysis of neck movement pattern, is needed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive ability of a BPNN, using neck movement variables as input. Three-dimensional (3-D) neck movement data from 59 subjects with WAD and 56 control subjects were collected with a ProReflex system. Rotation angle and angle velocity were calculated using the instantaneous helical axis method and motion variables were extracted. A principal component analysis was performed in order to reduce data and improve the BPNN performance. BPNNs with six hidden nodes had a predictivity of 0.89, a sensitivity of 0.90 and a specificity of 0.88, which are very promising results. This shows that neck movement analysis combined with a neural network could build the basis of a decision support system for classifying suspected WAD, even though further evaluation of the method is needed.
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| 6. |
- Holmner, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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How stable is lung function in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease when monitored using a telehealth system? : A longitudinal and home-based study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. - : BioMed Central. - 1472-6947. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Many telehealth systems have been designed to identify signs of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but few previous studies have reported the nature of recorded lung function data and what variations to expect in this group of individuals. The aim of the study was to evaluate the nature of individual diurnal, day-to-day and long-term variation in important prognostic markers of COPD exacerbations by employing a telehealth system developed in-house.Methods: Eight women and five men with COPD performed measurements (spirometry, pulse oximetry and the COPD assessment test (CAT)) three times per week for 4-6 months using the telehealth system. Short-term and long-term individual variations were assessed using the relative density and weekly means respectively. Quality of the spirometry measurements (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and inspiratory capacity (IC)) was assessed employing the criteria of American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines.Results: Close to 1100 measurements of both FEV1 and IC were performed during a total of 240 patient weeks. The two standard deviation ranges for intra-individual short-term variation were approximately +/- 210 mL and +/- 350 mL for FEV1 and IC respectively. In long-term, spirometry values increased and decreased without notable changes in symptoms as reported by CAT, although it was unusual with a decrease of more than 50 mL per measurement of FEV1 between three consecutive measurement days. No exacerbation occurred. There was a moderate to strong positive correlation between FEV1 and IC, but weak or absent correlation with the other prognostic markers in the majority of the participants.Conclusions: Although FEV1 and IC varied within a noticeable range, no corresponding change in symptoms occurred. Therefore, this study reveals important and, to our knowledge, previously not reported information about short and long-term variability in prognostic markers in stable patients with COPD. The present data are of significance when defining criteria for detecting exacerbations using telehealth strategies.
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| 8. |
- Valham, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Increased risk of stroke in patients with coronary artery disease and sleep apnea : a 10-year follow-up
- 2008
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Ingår i: Circulation. - New York : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 118:9, s. 955-960
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The effect of sleep apnea on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity is mainly unknown. We aimed to study whether sleep apnea is related to stroke, death, or myocardial infarction in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease. Methods and Results A total of 392 men and women with coronary artery disease referred for coronary angiography were examined by use of overnight sleep apnea recordings. Sleep apnea, defined as an apnea-hypopnea index ≥5, was recorded in 54% of the patients. All patients were followed up prospectively for 10 years, and no one was lost to follow-up. Stroke occurred in 47 (12%) of 392 patients during follow-up. Sleep apnea was associated with an increased risk of stroke, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.89 (95% confidence interval 1.37 to 6.09, P=0.005), independent of age, body mass index, left ventricular function, diabetes mellitus, gender, intervention, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, a previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, and smoking. Patients with an apnea-hypopnea index of 5 to 15 and patients with an apnea-hypopnea index ≥15 had a 2.44 (95% confidence interval 1.08 to 5.52) and 3.56 (95% confidence interval 1.56 to 8.16) times increased risk of stroke, respectively, than patients without sleep apnea, independent of confounders (P for trend=0.011). Death and myocardial infarction were not related to sleep apnea. Intervention in the form of coronary artery bypass grafting or percutaneous coronary intervention was related to a longer survival but did not affect the incidence of stroke. Conclusions Sleep apnea is significantly associated with the risk of stroke among patients with coronary artery disease who are being evaluated for coronary intervention.
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| 9. |
- Wadell, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal, home-based study of lung function, saturation and disease-related symptoms in COPD
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 52
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Many telehealth (TH) systems have been designed to identify signs of COPD exacerbations, but few previous studies have reported the nature of recorded lung function data and what variations to expect in stable versus unstable patients.Aims: To evaluate the nature of individual diurnal, day-to-day and long-term variation in important prognostic markers of COPD exacerbations in a heterogeneous patient group by employing a newly developed TH system.Methods: Eight women and five men with COPD performed measurements (FEV1, IC, SpO2 and CAT) three times per week during 4-6 months using the TH system. Feasibility was based on the repeatability and quality of the FEV1 and IC measurements, as defined by ERS/ATS guidelines. Short-term and long-term individual variations were assessed using the relative density and mean (SD) respectively.Results: Close to 1100 FEV1 and IC measurements respectively were performed during a total of 240 patient weeks. The 2SD ranges for intra-individual variation were ± 210 mL and ± 350 mL for FEV1 and IC respectively. The values both increased and decreased without corresponding influence on symptoms (CAT) or SpO2 and no exacerbation was reported. However, it was unusual with a decrease of more than 50 mL per measurement in FEV1 between three consecutive measurement days.Conclusions: This study reveals important and, to our knowledge, previously not reported information about short and long-term variability in lung function measurements in stable patients with COPD, of significance when defining criteria for detecting exacerbations with TH systems.
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