| 1. |
- Stephens, Lucas, et al.
(författare)
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Archaeological assessment reveals Earth’s early transformation through land use
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 365:6456, s. 897-902
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans began to leave lasting impacts on Earth’s surface starting 10,000 to 8000 years ago. Through a synthetic collaboration with archaeologists around the globe, Stephens et al. compiled a comprehensive picture of the trajectory of human land use worldwide during the Holocene (see the Perspective by Roberts). Hunter-gatherers, farmers, and pastoralists transformed the face of Earth earlier and to a greater extent than has been widely appreciated, a transformation that was essentially global by 3000 years before the present.Science, this issue p. 897; see also p. 865Environmentally transformative human use of land accelerated with the emergence of agriculture, but the extent, trajectory, and implications of these early changes are not well understood. An empirical global assessment of land use from 10,000 years before the present (yr B.P.) to 1850 CE reveals a planet largely transformed by hunter-gatherers, farmers, and pastoralists by 3000 years ago, considerably earlier than the dates in the land-use reconstructions commonly used by Earth scientists. Synthesis of knowledge contributed by more than 250 archaeologists highlighted gaps in archaeological expertise and data quality, which peaked for 2000 yr B.P. and in traditionally studied and wealthier regions. Archaeological reconstruction of global land-use history illuminates the deep roots of Earth’s transformation and challenges the emerging Anthropocene paradigm that large-scale anthropogenic global environmental change is mostly a recent phenomenon.
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| 2. |
- Williams, John W., et al.
(författare)
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The neotoma paleoecology database, a multiproxy, international, community-curated data resource
- 2018
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Ingår i: Quaternary Research. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0033-5894 .- 1096-0287. ; 89:1, s. 156-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Neotoma Paleoecology Database is a community-curated data resource that supports interdisciplinary global change research by enabling broad-scale studies of taxon and community diversity, distributions, and dynamics during the large environmental changes of the past. By consolidating many kinds of data into a common repository, Neotoma lowers costs of paleodata management, makes paleoecological data openly available, and offers a high-quality, curated resource. Neotoma’s distributed scientific governance model is flexible and scalable, with many open pathways for participation by new members, data contributors, stewards, and research communities. The Neotoma data model supports, or can be extended to support, any kind of paleoecological or paleoenvironmental data from sedimentary archives. Data additions to Neotoma are growing and now include >3.8 million observations, >17,000 datasets, and >9200 sites. Dataset types currently include fossil pollen, vertebrates, diatoms, ostracodes, macroinvertebrates, plant macrofossils, insects, testate amoebae, geochronological data, and the recently added organic biomarkers, stable isotopes, and specimen-level data. Multiple avenues exist to obtain Neotoma data, including the Explorer map-based interface, an application programming interface, the neotoma R package, and digital object identifiers. As the volume and variety of scientific data grow, community-curated data resources such as Neotoma have become foundational infrastructure for big data science.
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| 3. |
- Raddock, Elisabeth, 1975-
(författare)
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Listen how the wise one begins construction of a house for Viṣṇu : vijānatā yathārabhyaṃ gṛhaṃ vaiṣṇavaṃ śṛṇv evaṃ. Chapters 1-14 of the Hayaśīrṣa Pañcarātra
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation consists of a translation of the first fourteen chapters of Hayaśirṣa Pañcarātra and a detailed analysis aiming at its contextualization in historical, cultural, and theological milieus. The Hayaśirṣa Pañcarātra is a Sanskrit text from approximately the ninth century A.D. primarily dealing with rituals concerning the construction of a temple to the god Viṣṇu. The text is probably from Eastern India, most likely Bengal or Orissa. The Hayaśirṣa Pañcarātra belongs to the Pāñcarātra tradition, a Viṣṇu centered movement within what we today call Hinduism. The Hayaśirṣa Pañcarātra has incorporated older texts, most of which are no longer extant, and has also been a source-text for later works, most notably the Agni Purāṇa and the Hari Bhakta Vilāsa. The text is named after Hayaśirṣa, the horse-headed incarnation of Viṣṇu, who represents Viṣṇu’s divine character as revealer of śruti. This is the first time that the Hayaśirṣa Pañcarātra has been translated. The text is important for Sanskrit textual history, art history, cultural history, religious history of the subcontinent, but unavailable to even most Sanskrit scholars because of a lack of access to the Sanskrit text. The translated chapters deal with preliminary work including choosing the participants for the undertaking. They list, therefore, prerequisites and qualifications, particularly of the ācārya, the specific qualities required of the site, and for digging the foundation. The Hayaśirṣa Pañcarātra situates the temple at the center of the universe by means of the vāstupuruṣamaṇḍala. The vāstupuruṣamaṇḍala is, I argue, both a ritual and a practical diagram: it is used ritually to locate the temple at the center of the universe; and it is used practically to plan the layout of the temple. The rituals marking the beginning of temple construction, like ritual plowing, can be traced to Vedic ceremonial practice, including, but not limited to, ritual plowing in the Vedic fire altar. The text focuses on certain moments within the construction because of the ritual function of these moments. The text is primarily a ritual text, possibly written for the ācārya. The Hayaśirṣa Pañcarātra is central to the understanding of temple construction and the rituals around it making the view of these more complete.
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| 4. |
- McKay, Francis, et al.
(författare)
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The ethical challenges of artificial intelligence-driven digital pathology
- 2022
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Ingår i: The journal of pathology. Clinical research. - : Wiley. - 2056-4538. ; 8:3, s. 209-216
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital pathology - the digitalisation of clinical histopathology services through the scanning and storage of pathology slides - has opened up new possibilities for health care in recent years, particularly in the opportunities it brings for artificial intelligence (Al)-driven research. Recognising, however, that there is little scholarly debate on the ethics of digital pathology when used for Al research, this paper summarises what it sees as four key ethical issues to consider when deploying Al infrastructures in pathology, namely, privacy, choice, equity, and trust. The themes are inspired from the authors experience grappling with the challenge of deploying an ethical digital pathology infrastructure to support Al research as part of the National Pathology Imaging Cooperative (NPIC), a collaborative of universities, hospital trusts, and industry partners largely located across the North of England. Though focusing on the UK case, internationally, few pathology departments have gone fully digital, and so the themes developed here offer a heuristic for ethical reflection for other departments currently making a similar transition or planning to do so in the future. We conclude by promoting the need for robust public governance mechanisms in Al-driven digital pathology.
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| 5. |
- Rudling, Per A., et al.
(författare)
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Antisemitism in Russia
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Routledge History of Antisemitism. - 9780429428616 - 9781138369443 ; , s. 197-208
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Uhen, Mark D., et al.
(författare)
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The EarthLife Consortium API: an extensible, open-source service foraccessing fossil data and taxonomies from multiple communitypaleodata resources
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers of Biogeography. - : International Biogeography Society. ; 13:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paleobiologists and paleoecologists interested in studying biodiversity dynamics over broadspatial and temporal scales have built multiple community-curated data resources, eachemphasizing a particular spatial domain, timescale, or taxonomic group(s). This multiplicity ofdata resources is understandable, given the enormous diversity of life across Earth's history,but creates a barrier to achieving a truly global understanding of the diversity and distributionof life across time. Here we present the Earth Life Consortium Application ProgrammingInterface (ELC API), a lightweight data service designed to search and retrieve fossil occurrenceand taxonomic information from across multiple paleobiological resources. Key endpointsinclude Occurrences (returns spatiotemporal locations of fossils for selected taxa), Locales(returns information about sites with fossil data), References (returns bibliographicinformation), and Taxonomy (returns names of subtaxa associated with selected taxa). Dataobjects are returned as JSON or CSV format. The ELC API supports tectonic-driven shifts ingeographic position back to 580 Ma using services from Macrostrat and GPlates. The ELC APIhas been implemented first for the Paleobiology Database and Neotoma PaleoecologyDatabase, with a test extension to the Strategic Environmental Archaeology Database. The ELCAPI is designed to be readily extensible to other paleobiological data resources, with allendpoints fully documented and following open-source standards (e.g., Swagger, OGC). Thebroader goal is to help build an interlinked and federated ecosystem of paleobiological andpaleoenvironmental data resources, which together provide paleobiologists, macroecologists,biogeographers, and other interested scientists with full coverage of the diversity anddistribution of life across time.
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