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| 2. |
- Eek, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Self-perceived changes in physical activity and the relation to life satisfaction and rated physical capacity in swedish adults during the covid-19 pandemic—a cross sectional study
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- COVID-19 restrictions may prevent people from reaching recommended levels of physical activity (PA). This study examines self-perceived changes in the extent and intensity of PA during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the relation between perceived changes in PA and general life satisfaction and perceived physical capacity. A total of 1318 participants (mean age 47.8 SD12.6; 82.1% women) were recruited through social media in Sweden during autumn 2020. The survey included questions regarding perceived changes in PA compared to the previous year, the “Rating of Perceived Capacity” scale and “Life Satisfaction Questionnaire-11”. A change in PA was reported by 65% of participants. More participants reported an increase (36%) than a decrease (29%), however a decrease in PA was significantly more often considered to be due to the pandemic. The highest odds of decreased PA was found in the oldest age group (70+ years) (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.4–5.7). Those who reported decreased levels of PA reported lower life satisfaction and aerobic capacity than the other groups (p > 0.001). Decreased physical activity was reported by many, but an equal share reported increased activity during the pandemic. The highest odds for decreased activity was found in the oldest group—the group that has been subjected to the strictest recommended COVID-19 restrictions in Sweden.
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| 4. |
- Engstrom, Elise, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of heart rate measured by Polar RS400 and ECG, validity and repeatability
- 2012
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Ingår i: Advances in Physiotherapy. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1403-8196 .- 1651-1948. ; 14:3, s. 115-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate criterion-related validity and testretest repeatability of the heart rate monitor Polar RS400 versus electrocardiogram (ECG). Methodology: Ten healthy subjects, 19-34 years, performed a cycle ergometer test 5 min on each load (50, 100 and 150 W). Heart rate (HR) was measured with ECG and Polar RS400 and recorded digitally. After at least one hour resting the test was repeated. Major findings: The results showed a significant correlation between HR measured by ECG and by Polar RS400 with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.97 to 1.00. In test 1 the mean difference ±2SD between HR Polar and HR ECG was 0.7±4.3 bpm and in test 2, 0.2±3.2 bpm. In the repeated tests, the mean difference of HR between test 2 and test 1±2SD was 3.2±11.9 bpm with ECG and 2.6±14.3 bpm with Polar RS400 and these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: This study indicates good criterion-related validity and testretest repeatability of Polar RS400. Differences observed at individual levels should be noticed, but are not considered to be clinically important. Polar RS400 is thus well suited for recording HR during physical activity and exercise training. © 2012 Informa Healthcare.
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| 5. |
- Engström, E, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of heart rate measured by Polar RS 400 and ECG, validity and repeatability .
- 2012
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Ingår i: Advances in Physiotherapy. - 1651-1948. ; 14:3, s. 115-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate criterion-related validity and test–retest repeatability of the heart rate monitor Polar RS400 versus electrocardiogram (ECG). Methodology: Ten healthy subjects, 19–34 years, performed a cycle ergometer test 5 min on each load (50, 100 and 150 W). Heart rate (HR) was measured with ECG and Polar RS400 and recorded digitally. After at least one hour resting the test was repeated. Major findings: The results showed a significant correlation between HR measured by ECG and by Polar RS400 with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.97 to 1.00. In test 1 the mean difference ± 2SD between HR Polar and HR ECG was 0.7 ± 4.3 bpm and in test 2, 0.2 ± 3.2 bpm. In the repeated tests, the mean difference of HR between test 2 and test 1 ± 2SD was 3.2 ± 11.9 bpm with ECG and 2.6 ± 14.3 bpm with Polar RS400 and these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: This study indicates good criterion-related validity and test–retest repeatability of Polar RS400. Differences observed at individual levels should be noticed, but are not considered to be clinically important. Polar RS400 is thus well suited for recording HR during physical activity and exercise training.
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| 6. |
- Garland, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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Is Ross treadmill method an alternative to Åstrand cycle ergometer method?
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Physiotherapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2167-9169 .- 2167-9177. ; 19:3, s. 167-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To assess the agreement between the Ross treadmill method and the Åstrand ergometer cycle method, and the repeatability of each method. Methodology: Twenty healthy people aged 22.5 ± 2.2 years were tested on two different days, each day with both methods with a pause of 30 min between the tests. The tests were executed in the reverse order the following test day. Major findings: There was no statistical difference between the methods. The correlation (R) between the methods was 0.85. The mean difference (95% CI) of the methods was 0.050 (0.046–0.054) L/min and the limit of the agreement (mean difference ±2SD) was 0.81 L/min. No significant differences in test-retest were shown for either test. The mean difference for Åstrand tests was 0.12 L/min and 0.08 L/min for the Ross tests. The coefficient of repeatability was 0.88 L/min (23%) for the Åstrand test, and 0.78 L/min (20%) for the Ross test. Conclusion: The Ross treadmill test could be used as an alternative to the Åstrand cycle ergometer test, showing good agreement and repeatability. The large variation should be considered when estimating aerobic capacity on an individual level, although either method could be used for group studies where maximal measurements are not possible.
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| 7. |
- Gustafsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Acute Exercise on Circulating Soluble Form of the Urokinase Receptor in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biomarker Insights. - : Sage Publications. - 1177-2719. ; 12, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inflammation has been proposed to play a role in the generation of depressive symptoms. Previously, we demonstrated that patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have increased plasma levels of the soluble form of the urokinase receptor (suPAR), a marker for low-grade inflammation. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that acute exercise would induce inflammatory response characterized by increased suPAR and elucidate whether patients with MDD display altered levels of suPAR in response to acute exercise. A total of 17 patients with MDD and 17 controls were subjected to an exercise challenge. Plasma suPAR (P-suPAR) was analyzed before, during, and after exercise. There was a significantly higher baseline P-suPAR in the patients with MDD, and the dynamic changes of P-suPAR during the exercise were significantly lower in the patients with MDD, compared with the controls. This study supports the hypothesis that an activation of systemic inflammatory processes, measured as elevated P-suPAR, is involved in the pathophysiology of depression. The study concludes that P-suPAR is influenced by acute exercise, most likely due to release from activated neutrophils.
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| 8. |
- Gustafsson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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The acute response of plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor as a result of exercise in major depressive disorder.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7123 .- 0165-1781. ; 169:3, s. 244-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and other neurotrophins are believed to play an important role in affective disorders. In this study we investigated plasma-BDNF response during an incremental exercise test in 18 patients suffering from moderate major depressive disorder (MDD) and 18 controls. The patients were not treated with antidepressants or neuroleptics. Possible associations between plasma plasma-BDNF levels, dexamethasone suppression test cortisol levels and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores were also tested. No difference in basal BDNF levels between patients and controls was found. BDNF increased significantly during exercise in both male and female patients as well as in male controls, with no significant differences between the groups. BDNF levels declined after exercise, but after 60 min of rest BDNF levels showed tendencies to increase again in male patients. No correlation between BDNF and cortisol or MADRS scores was found. We conclude that unmedicated patients with moderate depression and normal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis do not have a disturbed peripheral BDNF release during exercise. The BDNF increase 60 min after interruption of exercise in male patients might indicate up-regulated BDNF synthesis, but this needs to be further investigated in future studies.
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| 9. |
- Hallberg, Ludvig, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise-induced release of cytokines in patients with major depressive disorder.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 1573-2517 .- 0165-0327. ; Apr 8, s. 262-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) may display elevated plasma levels of pro-inflammatory substances. Although the underlying mechanisms are unknown, inflammation has been proposed to play a direct role in the generation of depressive symptoms. Skeletal muscle is a potent producer of cytokines, and physical exercise has been suggested to alleviate symptoms of depression. In this study we therefore addressed the question of whether MDD patients display altered levels of pro-, anti-inflammatory and regulatory factors in the blood in response to acute exercise. METHODS: Eighteen MDD patients and 18 healthy controls performed a maximal-workload exercise challenge. Blood samples were taken before the test, at sub-maximal and maximal workload, as well as 30 and 60min after testing. The plasma levels of SAA, TNF-alpha, S-VCAM, S-ICAM, CRP, IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and IL-13 were assayed using multiplex sandwich ELISA. RESULTS: Exercise-induced significant changes in the plasma levels of inflammatory substances in both MDD patients and controls. IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-alpha increased, and IL-4 decreased during the challenge in both groups. In addition, IFN-gamma decreased in the controls. There was a significant difference in IL-6 reactivity between the groups at the sub-max timepoint. LIMITATIONS: Group sizes are comparably limited. CONCLUSION: Exercise induces changes in the blood levels of cytokines in unmedicated MDD patients. Whether these changes affect symptoms of depression should be evaluated in long-term studies of the anti-depressive effects of exercise.
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| 10. |
- Lans, Charlotta, 1965-
(författare)
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Exercise training and testing in patients with heart failure
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Patients with heart failure (HF) suffer from symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue and reduced quality of life, which affect their physical function and often lead to immobilization and poor survival prognosis. Exercise training in cardiac rehabilitation should be offered to every patient with HF and can be performed both in a hospital-setting and with a home training programme. Exercise, in patients with HF, improves physical function and functional capacity as well as health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and reduces the need for hospital care. There are several barriers against participating in exercise based cardiac rehabilitation despite information about its benefits. The patient may anticipate not being able to exercise, that the exercise would be too hard, lives far away or has not been referred.Aim: The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effects of exercise in heart failure patients, of a one-year training programme, with hospital-based training followed by a home-based setting or only home-based, with special emphasis on peripheral muscle training (PMT). Furthermore, to study frequently used methods for evaluation of the effects, i.e the 6-minute walk test and instruments for estimating health-related quality of life.Methods and findings: In study I, PMT was evaluated and the PMT programme in a hospital-setting (with equipment) and subsequent homebased training (with elastic bands) was compared with solely home-based training, over 1 year. At follow-up every third month, duplicated six minute walk test (6MWT) and two HRQoL questionnaires were used. The walking distance increased significantly after three months in both groups and was maintained thereafter. Also HRQoL increased but at different time points. In study II, PMT was compared with interval training on an ergometer bike/free walking. Both groups started under supervision of a physiotherapist in a hospital-setting, for three months and thereafter at home for nine months. The same measurements were used as in study I. Neither walking distance nor HRQoL changed over the study period. However, this may be regarded as a positive effect in the light of the known progressive nature of heart failure. In study III, the 6MWTs from study I and II were used to evaluate the necessity of performing duplicated 6MWTs in follow-ups clinically and for research purposes. We found that it is sufficient to perform one 6MWT. In study IV, both 6MWT and HRQoL forms from study I and II were used to investigate the relationship between walking distance and perceived HRQoL in HF patients. Patients with shorter walking distance, than the group median, experienced poorer general HRQoL but not HRQoL related to HF, than the higher performing half of the study group. There were no longitudinal trends in these relationships.Conclusion: PMT can be used as an exercise modality in patients with HF, both in hospital and at home, and may be evaluated with a single 6MWT. Shorter walking distance was related to a lower general HRQoL as judged by the patients but there was no significant relation between short walking distance and the HF-related HRQoL. Individualizing the training programme and methods, and offering the choice of exercise modality and the possibility of exercising at home, might be a way to increase adherence in cardiac rehabilitation.
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