| 1. |
- Ali, Abdullah, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Dehydration affects drug transport over nasal mucosa
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Drug Delivery. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1071-7544 .- 1521-0464. ; 26:1, s. 831-840
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Formulations for nasal drug delivery often rely on water sorption to adhere to the mucosa, which also causes a higher water gradient over the tissue and subsequent dehydration. The primary aim of this study was therefore to evaluate mucosal response to dehydration and resolve the hypothesis that mucoadhesion achieved through water sorption could also be a constraint for drug absorption via the nasal route. The effect of altering water activity of the vehicle on Xylometazoline HCl and Cr-EDTA uptake was studied separately using flow through diffusion cells and excised porcine mucosa. We have shown that a modest increase in the water gradient over mucosa induces a substantial decrease in drug uptake for both Xylometazoline HCl and Cr-EDTA. A similar result was obtained when comparing two different vehicles on the market; Nasoferm (Nordic Drugs, Sweden) and BLOX4 (Bioglan, Sweden). Mucoadhesion based on water sorption can slow down drug uptake in the nasal cavity. However, a clinical study is required to determine whether prolonged duration of the vehicle or preventing dehydration of the mucosa is the most important factor for improving bioavailability.
|
|
| 2. |
- Ek, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
-
Relative Age Effect of Sport Academy Adolescents, a Physiological Evaluation
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Sports. - Basel : MDPI. - 2075-4663. ; 8:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between birth quarter distribution and physiological characteristics related to athletic skills, in adolescent sport academy students has not been fully investigated. In a cross-sectional study, we recruited 86 boys and 52 girls aged 12-14 years during their first term at a sport academy school. We measured body size, cardiac size, pulmonary function, body composition, lower body power, cardiorespiratory fitness parameters, and running endurance by standard methods and analyzed these estimates in relation to birth quarter by ANOVA. Birth quarter distribution in our cohort was compared with birth quarter distribution in the same ages in the whole of Sweden and analyzed by logistic regression. The academy had an overrepresentation of students born in the first quartile of the year compared to those born in the last quartile (odds ratio 2.3 (95% CI: 1.1-4.7)). When comparing the physiological characteristics between birth quarters, uniformity is prominent since out of 26 performed physiological and anthropometric tests only four showed statistically significant group differences. We thus believe that the selection process to the sport academy favours athletes with higher chronological age, i.e., a so-called relative age effect is present. © 2020 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland).
|
|
| 3. |
- Lundblad, Lennart K.A., et al.
(författare)
-
Oscillometry in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease : In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the impulse oscillometry and tremoflo devices
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 9:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Impedance, or oscillometry, measurements of the respiratory system can generate information about the function of the respiratory system not possible with traditional spirometry. There are currently several instruments on the market using different perturbations. We have compared a new respiratory oscillometry instrument, the tremoflo, with Impulse Oscillometry (IOS). Patients with a physician's diagnosis of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and healthy subjects were recruited. They underwent assessment of respiratory function with oscillometry using the IOS and tremoflo devices and the resulting impedance data from the two methods were compared. The two devices were also tested against a reference respiratory phantom with variable resistances. Whereas both devices detected impairments in the patients' lung function commensurate with small airways pathology, the tremoflo appeared to be more sensitive than the IOS. We found systematic differences between the two instruments especially for reactance measurements where the area over the reactance curve (AX) was significantly lower with the IOS compared with the tremoflo (p < 0.001). Moreover, the agreement between the two devices was reduced with increasing severity of the disease as determined with a Bland-Altman test. Testing both instruments against a respiratory phantom unit confirmed that the resistance measured by the tremoflo compares closely with the known resistance of test loads, whereas the IOS'resistance correlated with a test load of 0.19, kPa.s.L-1 at higher loads it deviated significantly from the known resistance (p < 0.0028). We conclude that the absolute values measured with the two devices may not be directly comparable and suggest that differences in the calibration procedures might account for the differences.
|
|
| 4. |
- Peterson, Tomas, senior professor, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
-
Changes in Athletic Performance in Children Attending a Secondary School with a Physical Activity Profile
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Sports. - : MDPI. - 2075-4663. ; 10:5, s. 71-71
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The longitudinal and multidisciplinary research project Malmö Youth Sport Study measured the sports results achieved by two cohorts of pupils using a variable named ACHIEVE, dividing the pupils into three categories (an elite group competing at the national or international level, a group competing at the district level, and a third group either not competing at all or below district level). This was assessed three and six years after baseline at age 13. An additional hypothetical measure, based on information from the athletes’ trainers, predicted the category the pupils were expected to belong to after twelve years (age 25). Social variables related to the ACHIEVE variable are sex, socio-economic position of the parents, ethnicity, completed secondary sports school, sports capital, and quartile of birth. After three years, 28% of the pupils belonged to the elite group and after six years, 26%. Thirty-two and 48%, respectively, had abandoned their elite efforts. The elite group remained fairly stable over time but fewer girls than boys advanced to the elite group. The pupils at the school have a homogenous middle-class background. We found little evidence that socio-economic factors affected ACHIEVE. Nearly all parents had been engaged in sports, either competing or as coaches. On admission to the school, there was a pronounced relative age effect (RAE). This remained after three years as the age was significantly different between the three groups but was reduced after six years. According to the prognosis made by the coaches, the elite group would be considerably smaller when the subjects reached the age of 25. The RAE was again significant in the prognosis. A further follow-up when the subjects are 25 years old will reveal not only what proportion of subjects are actively competing, but also if they are engaged in recreational sports, to what extent the RAE is present, and how accurately coaches can predict success.
|
|
| 5. |
- Peterson, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Malmö Youth Sport Study : A longitudinal study of a secondary school in Malmö, Sweden, specialized in physical activity and sports
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Idrottsforum.org/Nordic sport science forum. - : Idrottsforum.org. - 1652-7224. ; :2017-12-04
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is a presentation of the longitu- dinal and multidisciplinary research program Malmö Youth Sport Study (MYSS), which is an independent continuation of the Bunke o project. The aims, methods, empirical materials and theoretical basis are introduced. The study asks questions related to the role of physical activity and sports to promote an active lifestyle and to foster elite athletes. The longitudinal study involves 156 individuals engaged in thirteen different sports, from a secondary school in Malmö, Sweden, specialized in physical activity and sports. school form contributes to pupils taking part in competitive or rec- reational sports in adulthood to a greater extent than their peers at or- dinary schools. The overall aim with the MYSS study is both to answer these two questions empirically, and to investigate which selection factors (gender-related, physiologi- cal, social, or psychological) could be used to explain the outcomes. A three year follow-up is analyzed at the present time. There will also be a six year follow-up and a twelve year follow-up. Two basic questions to be an- swered are, rst, if this school form contributes to a larger extent to fos- ter elite athletes, and, second, if this The researchers represent disci- plines within Humanities, Medicine, and Social Sciences, and they are af liated to three Swedish universi- ties.
|
|
| 6. |
- Peterson, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Vilka elever antas till en idrottsskola?
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Idrottsforum.org/Nordic sport science forum. - : Idrottsforum.org. - 1652-7224. ; :19-09-10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna artikel diskuterar rekryteringen till en högstadieskola som specialiserar sig på fysisk aktivitet och idrott. Två årgångar flickor och pojkar följs över tid, från 13 till 15 års ålder (n=176). De antogs till skolan i hård konkurrens med en grupp som sökte men inte kom in (n=437). De antagna valdes ut på grundval av sina idrottsliga meriter, inte utifrån deras betyg. Skolans idrottsverksamhet grundar sig därmed på talangidentifikation, och arbetar, förutom med skolkunskapsförmedling, med idrottslig talangutveckling. Vilka elever antas till en idrottsskola? Ett av syftena med den longitudinella och flervetenskapliga studien Malmö Youth Sport Study (MYSS) är att redovisa vilka som utväljs och att analysera resultatet utifrån olika faktorer – genusrelaterade, fysiska, psykologiska och sociala. Det visar sig att det finns ett antal sociala och socioekonomiska faktorer som påverkar talangidentifieringen. De faktorer som artikeln pekar på är föräldrarnas socioekonomiska status och omfattningen av deras idrottskapital, samt elevernas betyg och födelsekvartal.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ryman Augustsson, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
-
Postural orientation, what to expect in youth athletes? : A cohort study on data from the Malmo Youth Sport Study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. - : BioMed Central. - 2052-1847. ; 13:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Studies investigating postural orientation in uninjured youth athletes are scarce. Understanding how postural orientation during functional performance tests change with age in uninjured athletes has the potential to enhance awareness of changes in performance after injury and to set realistic goals for injured athletes. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore postural orientation during functional tasks at early adolescence, and changes in postural orientation from early to middle adolescence and relate this to sex, type of sport and right leg lean body mass (RLLBM). Methods In this cohort study 144 (38% female) youth athletes (mean age 13.5 years, SD 0.3) were included at baseline and 86 of these at follow up 2 years later. Four functional performance tests were visually evaluated for Postural Orientation Errors (POEs) with an ordinal scale, ranging from 0 (good) to 2 (poor), yielding a maximum total POE score of 51, and RLLBM by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results Improvements were observed in the total POE score from baseline to follow-up, median difference - 10 and - 7 (p < 0.001) for female and male athletes, respectively. At follow-up, female athletes had lower total POE score (median 18) than males (median 24) (p = 0.01). There were no differences in POE scores between sports type (team, individual, aesthetic) (p = 0.20-0.98) and no relationship between total POE score and RLLBM (r(s) = 0.09, p = 0.42). Conclusions POEs appear to be quite common in young athletic population, but improvements are achieved over time. At mid-adolescence, female athletes seem to have less POEs than males. Neither sport type nor RLLBM seem to influence postural orientation.
|
|
