| 1. |
- Emanuel, Martin, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Politiken kring svensk rymdverksamhet : Transkript av ett vittnesseminarium på Tekniska museet i Stockholm den 17 januari 2018
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The witness seminar “Politiken kring svensk rymdverksam-het” (Politics relating to Swedish space activities) was held at Tekniska museet on January 17, 2018, and was led by Lennart Nordh, assisted by Johan Gärdebo. The seminar focused on the relationship between Swedish space activities and various forms of politics, from the 1960s until the 2000s. The discus-sants presented various definitions of politics, recurrently re-turning to the question whether or not Sweden ever had a comprehensive space policy or not. According to the partici-pants, Swedish space activities have been linked to their real or perceived contributions to other policy areas—research, technology, foreign policy, regional policy, and European in-tegration—but without a clear overriding political vision per-taining to space specifically. Initiatives were characterized as “management by opportunities,” which implies making full use of opportunities arising in- or outside of the space activi-ties. In addition to this, policy-makers, whether within the Swedish National Space Board, the Swedish Space Corpora-tion, or the Swedish space industry, have called upon allies in other European governments, organizations and industries, as well as individuals within the Swedish establishment to exert pressure on the Swedish Government at critical moments. On other occasions foreign pressure was exerted without any proposals from Swedish actors. It was noted that regional support for Kiruna has been important since Swedish space activities began in the 1960s, and the Esrange space range was established. The seminar identified several examples of how policy-makers within the Swedish space sector negotiated with governmental officials to gain support for projects and to expand the scope of space activities into other policy areas. Telecommunication, remote sensing and meteorology were discussed as the main areas in which space technology found operational use—although research and geographic surveying was also mentioned. Since the 1990s, the main changes have been driven by the Swedish integration into the European Union, the reduced Swedish ownership in major industrial companies, and the increased commercialization of space ac-tivities. The previously dominant state funding was comple-mented by increasing private financing, and new start-ups be-gan to compete with previously established companies. Meanwhile, the ability of Swedish state actors to influence the future of Swedish space enterprises has diminished.
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| 2. |
- Gärdebo, Johan, 1986-
(författare)
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Environing Technology : Swedish Satellite Remote Sensing in the Making of Environment 1969–2001
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The state-owned Swedish Space Corporation established a satellite remote sensing infrastructure and defined uses for the technology both within and beyond Sweden during the latter part of the twentieth century. This thesis studies Swedish satellite remote sensing as an environing technology – a technology that environs, that produces environments and our perceptions of the environment. This perspective is important in historicising Sweden’s role in developing a technology that now is used both to manage environments on a global scale and to provide an understanding of what the environment is. It is also important to understand these environing activities as motivated by and related to other aims, for example Swedish non-alignment, development aid, and the export of expertise to new markets. I ask two questions. Firstly, how did Swedish satellite remote sensing activities contribute to the making of environment? Secondly, why did the Swedish satellite remote sensing experts conduct these activities?Studying environing technologies requires combining the theoretical understandings of history of technology and environmental history and treats technology and environment as outcomes of environing activities. Methodologically, the thesis studies written and oral sources to find activities related to satellite remote sensing that take part in sensing, writing about, or shaping environments. From these activities, new understandings of technology and environment emerge over time.The thesis is structured around five empirical chapters: 1) the institutionalisation of remote sensing as part of environmental diplomacy in Sweden, 1969–1978; 2) the establishment and expansion of a French-Swedish remote sensing infrastructure, showcased by sensing the Chernobyl meltdown in 1986; 3) the export of Swedish technoscientific expertise as a form of development aid, 1983–1994; 4) the promotion of satellites as a tool for sustainable development, 1987–1993; and 5) the establishment of an environmental data centre to monitor the European environment as part of managing the expansion of the European Union, 1991–1999.Swedish satellite remote sensing experts contributed to numerous international demonstrations that emphasised the technology as a tool for sustainable development of environments on a global scale. These activities beyond Sweden, often through transnational collaborations, were undertaken to establish satellite remote sensing within Sweden. The lack of a long-term strategy for the Swedish government’s space activities forced the technoscientific experts to find ad hoc uses for their technology, of which environmental applications were the most significant.
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| 3. |
- Gärdebo, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Kerstin Fredga : En intervju av Nina Wormbs och Johan Gärdebo 1 december 2017
- 2017
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Annan publikationabstract
- The interview treats Kerstin Fredga’s experiences as a scientist and increasingly a decision-maker for Swedish space activities, from the 1960s until present. Fredga became involved in astronomy from an early age. She studied astronomy at Uppsala University and Stockholm University, and also participated in summer schools where she met many future decision-makers of scientific organisations in Europe. She later travelled to the US and Goddard Space Flight Center. This period allowed Fredga to focus and make contributions to studies of the sun. It was during this period in the US that she formed a close friendship with Bengt Hultqvist who would later build up the Kiruna Geophysical Institute. Back in Sweden, Fredga participated in the establishment of the Swedish Board for Space Activities (SBSA) in 1972. In 1988, Fredga took over as director general for SBSA and oversaw its transformation into the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB). SNSB worked closely with the Swedish Space Corporation (SSC) in promoting Swedish space activities. Fredga was project scientist for Viking, the first Swedishsatellite. Fredga describes that many of the successes for SNSB and SSC were due to influential networks. As part of building scientific programmes, like Viking, Fredga sought to make the space activities also support industrial aims and be of regional support to Kiruna,where many of the space activities were conducted. Membership in the European Space Agency (ESA) provided Swedish scientists with opportunities to participate in the European space programmes with instruments on major European satellites. Meanwhile, the European Union took a greater role in financing space applications. During this period, Fredga’s work to support the Swedish space activities became more complex.
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| 4. |
- Wickberg, Adam, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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The mediated planet : Datafication and the environmental SDGs
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1462-9011 .- 1873-6416. ; 153, s. 103673-103673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past half century, the global environment has become subject to an accelerated pace of mediation and datafication. This ongoing transition has become so comprehensive that the knowledge, management and governance of the Earth system is dependent on enormous flows of data from a “vast machine” of measuring tools. These processes combined have formed what we call a “mediated planet,” subject to interpretation and shared human decision-making – that should ideally be democratic, inclusive and accountable. As environmental datafication continues to accelerate, private corporations are gaining increasing influence on and power over the associated collections of data. This is a cause for concern, as the global environmental commons are a public interest of concern to all people. This article argues for the need to critically research the challenges and risks associated with the rapid datafication of the environment, specifically in relation to the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for climate change (13), the ocean (14), biodiversity (15) and inclusive and accountable institutions (16). More knowledge is needed of how the SDGs and their supporting networks influence data-generation on a mediated planet, and how issues of access to and use of environmental data, as well as data ownership and AI implementation, can best be navigated. We contend that such knowledge can help enhance the democratic potential of the SDGs to build public trust and secure broad participation in global environmental governance in ways that also support peaceful and inclusive societies, as promised by SDG 16.
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| 5. |
- Wormbs, Nina, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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The distant gardener : Remote sensing of the planetary potager
- 2019. - 1
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Ingår i: Gardens and Human Agency in the Anthropocene. - London and New York : Routledge. - 9780815346661 - 9781351170246 ; , s. 124-142
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The power of the distant perspective on the planet has been proven over and over again since the first photographs of the Earth from space were taken and spread across the globe. With the advent of satellite remote sensing the possibilities of layered and detailed information about the Earth increased, and nations and organizations strived to access both the technology and the subsequent data. These endeavours were in no way without interest in the resources, which in this way could be discovered and developed. On the contrary, some were explicitly aimed at making extraction possible. In other cases, the resource interest was more entangled, stressing the monitoring side of the practise in order to plan for crops or to avoid draughts or other catastrophes.This chapter takes the remote sensing system SPOT – a French–Swedish–Belgian collaboration with the first launch in 1986 – to illustrate how resource interests were grouped and sorted through the means of this planetary technology.
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