| 1. |
- Valenti, S., et al.
(författare)
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PESSTO spectroscopic classification of La Silla-Quest Transients
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PESSTO is the "Public ESO Spectroscopic Survey of Transient Objects" (http://www.pessto.org) using the ESO New Technology Telescope (NTT) at La Silla and the EFOSC2 (optical) and SOFI (near-IR) spectrographs. It is one of two currently running public spectroscopic surveys at ESO. The survey details are as follows: - PESSTO has 90 nights per year on the NTT: 9 lunations (August to April), 10 nights per lunation (we are not observing May-July).
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Adesiyun, Adewole, et al.
(författare)
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Digital Road Operations : Deliverable D4
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The DiREC CAV-Readiness Framework (CRF) is a framework that aims to help an NRA assess their capability with respect to the deployment of Connected and Automated Driving (CAD) solutions, their ability to influence the use of CAD on their network via investment in digital and physical infrastructure, and the impacts and outcomes of any investment decision.DiREC structured the CRF around C-ITS Services and Use Cases as defined under the C-ROADS project. C-ROADS is a joint initiative of European Member States and road operators for testing and implementing C-ITS services, with a desire for cross-border harmonisation and interoperability.The CRF is thus a framework which can be used by NRAs to help assess their aspirations and readiness to support CAD, and to implement individual C-ITS services and use cases. It does this by:Defining the C-ITS services to be providedBreaking those services down into use cases and enablersScoring the NRAs readiness, aspirations and high-level assessment of costs and impacts of each enabler to help plan and prioritise the NRA support for CAD.
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| 4. |
- Adesiyun, Adewole, et al.
(författare)
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Final Report
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The 2020 CEDR Research Call on the Impact of CAD on Safe Smart Roads had as its aim to “prepare the national road authorities on future challenges of connectivity, digitalization and automation to get to an autonomously well-managed traffic flow.” CEDR cautioned that “ If NRAs do not act proactively, the vehicle manufacturers will determine the automation of traffic flow alone, the NRAs will fall behind and huge investment will be needed to safeguard NRAs’ objectives. NRAs’ goals and roles in the Cooperative, Connected and Automated Mobility of the future must be clear…NRAs need to determine and act before other parties decide in our place where we need to invest.”.The Digital Road for Evolving Connected and Automated Driving (DiREC) project set out to develop a toolkit for NRAs to use in their assessment and development of their capabilities as digital road operators. This toolkit, referred to as the CAV Readiness Framework (CRF), focuses on five key areasof provision that are central to the development of connected and automated driving capabilities. Those areas being:Physical infrastructureDigital infrastructureCommunications infrastructureStandards and regulationOperational supportDiREC focused on technologies, services and regulatory infrastructure for which NRAs might either have direct responsibility or at least significant influence. Development led by vehicle manufacturers or the regulations governing them were considered to be outside the scope of influence of the NRAs, for the moment at least. Instead, attention was given to those technologies and services that are likely to be generically useful to most or all future CAD solutions. We identified that there is still a considerable diversity of approaches amongst the developers of automated vehicles, with no single technical strategy yet close to being dominant.
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| 5. |
- Adesiyun, Adewole, et al.
(författare)
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Level of Service Definitions : Deliverable D3
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Level of Service (LoS) is a widely employed metric that quantifies the performance and quality of a provided service, utilizing a predetermined scale. In the transportation domain, road capacity (i.e., maximum throughput in a given road section) is the most widely used performance indicator, where the LoS is applied. In road capacity studies, the LoS definition is dependent upon the specific context and facility under examination, such as urban areas or motorways. In urban settings, the criteria typically employed for determining LoS include average travel speed, average travel time, frequency of stops, and delays. Conversely, on motorways, LoS is determined by factors such as vehicle density, traffic speed, and frequency of lane changes (HCM, 2016). Upon specifying the context, the chosen criteria are applied, and threshold requirements are established to categorize the performance and quality under the appropriate LoS. The LoS scale can range from binary levels (e.g., acceptable or unacceptable) to more nuanced scales. For instance, the HCM (2016) employs a six-point scale (A = very good; B = good; C = acceptable; D = bad; E = very bad; F = system breakdown).For C-ITS services (i.e., information provision), however, the aim is to provide information that are, among other things, accurate and timely to the road users, connected and autonomous vehicles, so they can react accordingly to events on the road network. The CAV-ready framework (CRF) developed in WP3 aims to illustrate the progress of National Road Authorities (NRAs) towards becoming a digital authority, meaning that the NRAs should provide traffic related information (data provision) to its users (connected and autonomous vehicles) that are precise, accurate, and timely. As such, we have defined three distinct LoS categories:Basic: Minimum acceptable performance/qualityEnhanced: Not optimal but sufficient performance/qualityAdvanced: Ideal or best performance/quality
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| 6. |
- Adesiyun, Adewole, et al.
(författare)
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Review and Evaluation of NRAs : Deliverable D2
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Connected and Automated Driving (CAD) is an important area of digital technology that will bring disruption to individuals, economies, and societies. Most forms of CAD require some level of infrastructure support for their safe operation. Additional infrastructure and services to support CAD have the potential to improve safety even further, and to bring other benefits such as increased efficiency or reduced congestion. However, the infrastructure requirements from Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEMs) are not always clear, and it is difficult for National Road Authorities (NRAs) to predict and plan for the future levels of support needed for CAD given rapidly evolving technology and uncertain projections of future CAD demand. In addition, there is also a need for better dialogue among NRAs, OEMs and service providers to articulate those requirements and to define a roadmap and responsibilities for achieving safe and smart roads through CAD.The aim of DiREC is to establish a CAV Readiness Framework and a set of toolkits dedicated to CAVs (Connected and Autonomous Vehicles) that incorporates a wide range of components that affect CAD and the ability of highway infrastructure to support it. These components include machine readability of physical infrastructure, digital services, connectivity, in addition to aspects such as governance of the infrastructure and services, and legal and regulatory requirements. Together these components influence the ability of the NRA to become a digital road operator. The DiREC project will thus provide a framework for NRAs, service providers and OEMs to support CAD. It will consolidate and combine standards, research, and recommendations from other projects and extend research into new areas such as creating a common vision for digital twins among NRAs, understanding connectivity and connectivity requirements to support digital services and analysing how these can be met, reviewing the quality management processes around digital data, and documenting existing legal and regulatory frameworks in all areas relating to CAD.
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| 7. |
- Adesiyun, Adewole, et al.
(författare)
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Stakeholder Engagement Report : Deliverable D1
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main aim of the DiREC project is developing a common framework to support National Road Authorities (NRAs) to provide better engagement with Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) and service providers, identify clearer responsibilities and liabilities, and include tools to calculate the costs and benefits of providing different levels of support to Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs). Greater engagement and dialogue are key. By understanding the infrastructure and communications requirements of automated vehicles, and the challenges faced by CAVs in an operational environment, NRAs will be able to strategically plan their networks to support Connected and Automated Driving (CAD) and place themselves in a much stronger position to influence how traffic operates on the network.A proactive approach to liaising with vehicle manufacturers and service providers will also promote NRA involvement in the services that are developing around digital mapping, localisation, navigation and traffic management. By aligning the digital strategies and plans of the NRAs with the requirements of OEMs and CAVs, and by giving direction to service providers, a common framework for CAD will help achieve major cost efficiencies and facilitate economic transformation. It will help optimise the delivery of infrastructure and communications systems on national road networks in support of CAD implementation whilst helping NRAs maintain their influence over CAD activity. In order to facilitate productive interactions with various stakeholders involved with CAVs, WP1 within the DiREC project is dedicated to stakeholder engagement activities. This will ensure that input from different stakeholder categories will be collected and utilized for CAV-ready framework development.
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