| 1. |
- Coria, Jessica, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Optimal Environmental Road Pricing and Integrated Daily Commuting Patterns
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Road pricing can improve air quality by reducing and spreading traffic flows. Nevertheless, air quality does not depend only on traffic flows, but also on pollution dispersion. In this paper we investigate the effects of the temporal variation in pollution dispersion on optimal road pricing, and show that time-varying road pricing is needed to make drivers internalize the social costs of both time-varying congestion and time-varying pollution. To this end, we develop an ecological economics model that takes into account the e¤ects of road pricing on integrated daily commuting patterns. We characterize the optimal road pricing when pollution dispersion varies over the day and analyze its effects on traffic flows, arrival times, and the number of commuters by car.
|
|
| 2. |
- Coria, Jessica, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
The Harrington Paradox Squared
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Harrington (1988) shows that state-dependent enforcement based on past compliance records provides an explanation to the seemingly contradictory observation that firms' compliance with environmental regulations is high despite the fact that inspections occur infrequently and fines are rare and small. This result has been labeled in the literature as the "Harrington paradox". In this paper we propose an improved transition structure for the audit framework where targeting is based not only on firms' past compliance record but also on adoption of environmentally superior technologies. We show that this transition structure would not only foster the adoption of new technology but also increase deterrence by changing the composition of firms in the industry toward an increased fraction of cleaner firms that pollute and violate less.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Hu, Xiao-Li, et al.
(författare)
-
Basic Convergence Results for Particle Filtering Methods: Theory for the Users
- 2009
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This work extends our recent work on proving that the particle filter converge for unbounded function to a more general case. More specifically, we prove that the particle filter converge for unbounded functions in the sense of L p-convergence, for an arbitrary p greater than 1. Related to this, we also provide proofs for the case when the function we are estimating is bounded. In the process of deriving the main result we also established a new Rosenthal type inequality.
|
|
| 5. |
- Hu, Xiao-Li, et al.
(författare)
-
New Convergence Results for Least Squares Identification Algorithm
- 2009
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The basic least squares method for identifying linear systems has been extensively studied. Conditions for convergence involve issues about noise assumptions and behavior of the sample covariance matrix of the regressors. Lai and Wei proved in 1982 convergence for essentially minimal conditions on the regression matrix: All eigenvalues must tend to infinity, and the logarithm of the largest eigenvalue must not tend to infinity faster than the smallest eigenvalue. In this contribution we revisit this classical result with respect to assumptions on the noise: How much unstructured disturbances can be allowed without affecting the convergence? The answer is that the norm of these disturbances must tend to infinity slower than the smallest eigenvalue of the regression matrix.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Svensson, Tommy, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
CELTIC CP5-026 WINNER+, D1.9 Final Innovation Report
- 2010
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This deliverable is the final innovation report from the innovation workpackage in WINNER+. The document describes the latest innovations and their assessment as well as summarizes the innovations developed in the work package during the project. We analyze the suitability of these innovations as technology enablers for improving current systems, in particular IMT Advanced and beyond.
|
|
| 8. |
- Tao, Xiao-Jiao, et al.
(författare)
-
Behind Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler : Narrowband Volume Backscattering Signal Model, Analysis and Estimation
- 1999
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report examines the statistical properties of the narrowband Doppler volume backscattering process and discusses its spectral centroid estimation problem. After clarifying the mechanism of both the finite duration Doppler effect and the continuously space-shifted integration process, the first two order time-varying statistics under a more general assumption, i.e. von Mises distribution, of random phase are derived. The generalization permits nonuniform phase tendency, which occurs in layered medium scattering. Based on the locally stationary process model, the evolutionary spectrum of the signal is derived where the variation of the backscattering strength enters as an amplitude modulation. On the contrary, the variation of the random phase distribution acts as both the amplitude modulation and the frequency modulation. The observability and the estimation of the average flow speed are discussed. It is shown that even under the homogeneous condition, the spectral centroid does not coincide with the aver age flow speed. Finally, a semiparametric spectral centroid estimation method, which simply contains an AR(2) model with its time-varying coefficients adapted by a wavelet shrinkage is proposed.
|
|
| 9. |
- Xiao, Linhong, et al.
(författare)
-
Study of the presence of organic UV filters in the Swedish aquatic environment
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Organic UV filters are widely used in personal care products (PCPs) and textiles to prevent solar erythema and discoloration, respectively. These UV absorbing compounds are frequently released into the aquatic environment, either directly via bathing and swimming, or indirectly via effluents from wastewater treatment plants. Because of their widespread occurrence and potential for bioaccumulation, organic UV filters are considered an emerging concern to ecosystems and humans. In this project, we first reviewed and summarized literature on the worldwide occurrence of organic UV filters and subsequently characterized their occurrence in water environments in Uppsala county, Sweden. Specifically, we selected the ten most commonly detected organic UV filters worldwide as our targets. After optimization of chemical analysis, we were able to detect six out of ten of these compounds at environmentally relevant levels. Subsequently, we investigated the occurrence of these six compounds in surface water and sediment samples from bathing/swimming places located at riversides, lakesides, and the seaside around Uppsala county during August 2021. All six organic UV filters (i.e., 4-methylbenzylidene (4-MBC), avobenzone, octinoxate (EHMC), octocrylene (OC), Uvinul A Plus (UVA Plus), benzophenone-4 (BP-4)) were found in sediment and surface water samples with a detection frequency of 100%, except EHMC, which was detected in 71% of the surface water samples. OC dominated in sediment samples collected from bathing/swimming areas with concentrations ranging between 2.6 and 250 ng g‒1 dry weight (dw), which comprised 52-77% of the sum of all targeted compounds. 4-MBC dominated in surface waters with concentrations ranging between 170 ng L‒1 and 560 ng L‒1, which comprised 39-56% of the sum of all targeted compounds. Overall, organic UV filters were ubiquitously detected in Uppsala county and our data could be foundational for an extended sampling campaign and additional risk assessment of organic UV filters among resident aquatic organisms.
|
|
| 10. |
- Zhang, Xiao-Bing, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Household fuel choice in urban China: A random effect generalized probit analysis
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using seven rounds of household survey data that span more than a decade, this paper analyzes the determinants of household fuel choice in urban China. Unlike the existing studies, we use an empirical strategy that takes into account the potential heterogeneous effects of socio-economic factors in households’ preference ordering. Robustness of this empirical strategy is checked against alternative methods. The results show that household fuel choice in urban China is related to fuel prices, household’s economic status and size, and household head’s gender, education and occupation. Our results suggest that policies and interventions that raise household income, reduce prices of clean fuel sources, and empower women in the household are of great significance in encouraging the adoption of clean energy sources.
|
|
