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Sökning: WFRF:(Xu J) > Karlstads universitet

  • Resultat 1-4 av 4
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1.
  • Baber, Ashleigh E., et al. (författare)
  • In Situ Imaging of Cu2O under Reducing Conditions : Formation of Metallic Fronts by Mass Transfer
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 135:45, s. 16781-16784
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Active catalytic sites have traditionally been analyzed based on static representations of surface structures and characterization of materials before or after reactions. We show here by a combination of in situ microscopy and spectroscopy techniques that, in the presence of reactants, an oxide catalyst's chemical state and morphology are dynamically modified. The reduction of Cu2O films is studied under ambient pressures (AP) of CO. The use of complementary techniques allows us to identify intermediate surface oxide phases and determine how reaction fronts propagate across the surface by massive mass transfer of Cu atoms released during the reduction of the oxide phase in the presence of CO. High resolution in situ imaging by AP scanning tunneling microscopy (AP-STM) shows that the reduction of the oxide films is initiated at defects both on step edges and the center of oxide terraces.
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2.
  • Reynolds, Eduardo, et al. (författare)
  • Robustness of flood-model calibration using single and multiple events
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - Oxon : Taylor & Francis. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 65:5, s. 842-853
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Lack of discharge data for model calibration is challenging for flood prediction in ungauged basins. Since establishment and maintenance of a permanent discharge station is resource demanding, a possible remedy could be to measure discharge only for a few events. We tested the hypothesis that a few flood-event hydrographs in a tropical basin would be sufficient to calibrate a bucket-type rainfall-runoff model, namely the HBV model, and proposed a new event-based calibration method to adequately predict floods. Parameter sets were chosen based on calibration of different scenarios of data availability, and their ability to predict floods was assessed. Compared to not having any discharge data, flood predictions improved already when one event was used for calibration. The results further suggest that two to four events for calibration may considerably improve flood predictions with regard to accuracy and uncertainty reduction, whereas adding more events beyond this resulted in small performance gains.
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3.
  • Reynolds, J. Eduardo, et al. (författare)
  • Flood prediction using parameters calibrated on limited discharge data and uncertain rainfall scenarios
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 65:9, s. 1512-1524
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Discharge observations and reliable rainfall forecasts are essential for flood prediction but their availability and accuracy are often limited. However, even scarce data may still allow adequate flood forecasts to be made. Here, we explored how far using limited discharge calibration data and uncertain forcing data would affect the performance of a bucket-type hydrological model for simulating floods in a tropical basin. Three events above thresholds with a high and a low frequency of occurrence were used in calibration and 81 rainfall scenarios with different degrees of uncertainty were used as input to assess their effects on flood predictions. Relatively similar model performance was found when using calibrated parameters based on a few events above different thresholds. Flood predictions were sensitive to rainfall errors, but those related to volume had a larger impact. The results of this study indicate that a limited number of events can be useful for predicting floods given uncertain rainfall forecasts.
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4.
  • Xu, C L, et al. (författare)
  • Impact of local Si segregation on strain localization in ductile cast iron
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP).
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The distribution of Si content in tensile deformed ductile cast iron has been characterized using electron microscopy and correlated to the strain distribution determined based on 3D tomography data collected before and after tensile deformation and digital volume correlation analysis. The results show that the high plastic strain regions localize in bands consisting of large graphite nodules and deformed matrix with high Si content connecting the graphite nodules in the first-to-solidify regions. The bands are aligned about 45° with respect to the loading direction, which is close to the maximum shear direction.
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  • Resultat 1-4 av 4

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