| 1. |
- Birney, Ewan, et al.
(författare)
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Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 447:7146, s. 799-816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the generation and analysis of functional data from multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targeted 1% of the human genome as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE Project. These data have been further integrated and augmented by a number of evolutionary and computational analyses. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge about human genome function in several major areas. First, our studies provide convincing evidence that the genome is pervasively transcribed, such that the majority of its bases can be found in primary transcripts, including non-protein-coding transcripts, and those that extensively overlap one another. Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. Third, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure has emerged, including its inter-relationship with DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Finally, integration of these new sources of information, in particular with respect to mammalian evolution based on inter- and intra-species sequence comparisons, has yielded new mechanistic and evolutionary insights concerning the functional landscape of the human genome. Together, these studies are defining a path for pursuit of a more comprehensive characterization of human genome function.
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| 2. |
- Wang, Guilei, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of Highly Strained SiGe in Source and Drain with HK and MG for 22 nm Bulk PMOS Transistors
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nanoscale Research Letters. - : Springer. - 1931-7573 .- 1556-276X. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the integration of SiGe selective epitaxy on source/drain regions and high-k and metal gate for 22 nm node bulk pMOS transistors has been presented. Selective Si1-xGex growth (0.35 <= x <= 0.40) with boron concentration of 1-3 x 10(20) cm(-3) was used to elevate the source/drain. The main focus was optimization of the growth parameters to improve the epitaxial quality where the high-resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) measurement data provided the key information about Ge profile in the transistor structure. The induced strain by SiGe layers was directly measured by x-ray on the array of transistors. In these measurements, the boron concentration was determined from the strain compensation of intrinsic and boron-doped SiGe layers. Finally, the characteristic of transistors were measured and discussed showing good device performance.
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| 3. |
- Xu, Chun Kai, et al.
(författare)
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Nonlinear inelastic electron scattering revealed by plasmon-enhanced electron energy-loss spectroscopy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Physics. - 1745-2473 .- 1745-2481. ; 10:10, s. 753-757
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electron energy-loss spectroscopy is a powerful tool for identifying the chemical composition of materials(1-5). It relies mostly on the measurement of inelastic electrons, which carry specific atomic or molecular information. Inelastic electron scattering, however, has a very low intensity, often orders of magnitude weaker than that of elastically scattered electrons. Here, we report the observation of enhanced inelastic electron scattering from silver nanostructures, the intensity of which can reach up to 60% of its elastic counterpart. A home-made scanning probe electron energy-loss spectrometer(6) was used to produce highly localized plasmonic excitations, significantly enhancing the strength of the local electric field of silver nanostructures. The intensity of inelastic electron scattering was found to increase nonlinearly with respect to the electric field generated by the tip-sample bias, providing direct evidence of nonlinear electron scattering processes.
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| 4. |
- Jo, Min-Seung, et al.
(författare)
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Aligned CuO nanowire array for a high performance visible light photodetector
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, copper oxide (CuO) has drawn much attention as a promising material in visible light photodetection with its advantages in ease of nanofabrication. CuO allows a variety of nanostructures to be explored to enhance the optoelectrical performance such as photogenerated carriers scattering and bandgap engineering. However, previous researches neglect in-depth analysis of CuO's light interaction effects, restrictively using random orientation such as randomly arranged nanowires, single nanowires, and dispersed nanoparticles. Here, we demonstrate an ultra-high performance CuO visible light photodetector utilizing perfectly-aligned nanowire array structures. CuO nanowires with 300 nm-width critical dimension suppressed carrier transport in the dark state and enhanced the conversion of photons to carriers; additionally, the aligned arrangement of the nanowires with designed geometry improved the light absorption by means of the constructive interference effect. The proposed nanostructures provide advantages in terms of dark current, photocurrent, and response time, showing unprecedentedly high (state-of-the-art) optoelectronic performance, including high values of sensitivity (S = 172.21%), photo-responsivity (R = 16.03 A/W, lambda = 535 nm), photo-detectivity (D* = 7.78 x 10(11) Jones), rise/decay time (tau(r)/tau(d) = 0.31 s/1.21 s).
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| 5. |
- Li, Xing-Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative Study of Dayside Pulsating Auroras Induced by Ultralow-Frequency Waves
- 2023
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Ingår i: Universe. - : MDPI AG. - 2218-1997. ; 9:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pulsating auroras are usually observed with ultralow-frequency (ULF) waves in the Pc 3-5 band (period 10-600 s). These auroras are thought to result from interactions between energetic electrons and chorus waves, but their relationship with ULF waves remains an open question. In this study, we investigated this question by conducting a comparative study on two ULF wave events with pulsating auroras observed near the magnetic footprints. Conjugate observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission and the Chinese Yellow River Station were used. In both events, lower-band chorus waves were observed, which were suggested to be connected with the auroral pulsations by wavelet analysis. The intensity of these waves oscillates at the period of the ULF waves, but the physics laid behind them differs by events. During the event of 22 January 2019, compressional ULF waves changed the threshold for the whistler anisotropy instability periodically, affecting the emission of chorus waves. In the event on 10 January 2016, poloidal ULF waves modulated the chorus wave generation by regulating electron temperature anisotropy through drift resonance. ULF waves in these events may originate from perturbations in the solar wind. We highlight the role of ULF waves in the solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling, which requires further study.
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| 6. |
- Li, Xing Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Ion Acceleration and Corresponding Bounce Echoes Induced by Electric Field Impulses: MMS Observations
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Space Physics. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2169-9380 .- 2169-9402. ; 129:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dayside magnetosphere interactions are essential for energy and momentum transport between the solar wind and the magnetosphere. In this study, we investigate a new phenomenon within this regime. Sudden enhancements of ion fluxes followed by repeating dropouts and recoveries were observed by Magnetospheric Multiscale on 5 November 2016, which is the very end of the recovery phase from a moderate geomagnetic storm. These repetitive flux variations display energy-dispersive characteristics with periods relevant to ion bounce motion, suggesting they are corresponding echoes. Alongside the flux variations, bipolar electric field impulses originating from external sources were detected. We traced the source region of the initial injection and found it is located near the spacecraft's position. To elucidate the underlying physics, a test-particle simulation is conducted. The results reveal that radial transport resulting from impulse-induced acceleration can give rise to these echoes. Observations demonstrate dayside magnetosphere interactions are more common than we previously considered, which warrants further research.
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| 7. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Wen, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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IPeak : An open source tool to combine results from multiple MS/MS search engines
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proteomics. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1615-9853 .- 1615-9861. ; 15:17, s. 2916-2920
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is an important technique for detecting peptides in proteomics studies. Here, we present an open source software tool, termed IPeak, a peptide identification pipeline that is designed to combine the Percolator post-processing algorithm and multi-search strategy to enhance the sensitivity of peptide identifications without compromising accuracy. IPeak provides a graphical user interface (GUI) as well as a command-line interface, which is implemented in JAVA and can work on all three major operating system platforms: Windows, Linux/Unix and OS X. IPeak has been designed to work with the mzIdentML standard from the Proteomics Standards Initiative (PSI) as an input and output, and also been fully integrated into the associated mzidLibrary project, providing access to the overall pipeline, as well as modules for calling Percolator on individual search engine result files. The integration thus enables IPeak (and Percolator) to be used in conjunction with any software packages implementing the mzIdentML data standard. IPeak is freely available and can be downloaded under an Apache 2.0 license at https://code.google.com/p/mzidentml-lib/.
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