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Sökning: WFRF:(Yamanaka Hisashi)

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1.
  • Kobayashi, Tomohiro, et al. (författare)
  • Power transportation inside stream tube of cross-ventilated simple shaped model and pitched roof house
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 44:7, s. 1440-1451
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The ultimate goal of this work is to establish a prediction method based on Power Balance Model for prediction of flow rate through cross-ventilated building. For the establishment of Power Balance Model, the lost power across stream tube sections must be determined in advance. However, the loss of power in the stream tube was not well studied by other researchers but this concerned critical step forms the focus of the present CFD study in which transported power in stream tubes formed at two selected models: (i) a suspended rectangular model, and (ii) a pitched roof single-storey house model standing on a flat ground surface, was documented. For the development of a new method applying to predict the lost power, decrease of the transported power across the stream tubes through both types of models will finally be shown in this paper.
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  • Kobayashi, Tomohiro, et al. (författare)
  • Stream Tube based Analysis of Problems in Prediction of Cross-Ventilation Rate
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: The International Journal of Ventilation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1473-3315 .- 2044-4044. ; 7:4, s. 321-334
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The airflow rate of a building ventilated by wind is usually predicted by using the wind pressure coefficients obtained for a sealed building and discharge coefficients based on measuring the airflow characteristics through an opening in a sealed chamber (chamber method). This can result in the underestimation of wind driven flow through large openings located on opposite sides of a room. In this paper, the discharge coefficient, based on the chamber method, and the actual condition of cross-ventilation are calculated and compared with each other by means of stream tube analysis. The driving pressure based on wind pressure coefficients obtained from a sealed building are also compared with those based on pressures inside the stream tube of the actual flow field representing a porous rather than sealed building. A building model of dimensions 120 mm (width)x120 mm (height)x180 mm (length) was used for the analyses. The size of openings, expressed as the porosity (opening area divided by facade area), was 11.6 %, 20.7 % and 46.5 %. These models were analyzed by CFD simulation and the stream tubes caught by the opening were determined. From the analysis the errors in discharge coefficient and wind pressure coefficient were identified. Finally, the flow rate based on these discharge coefficients and driving pressures were calculated and compared. It is shown that the effect of the underestimation of the discharge coefficients by the chamber method is significant for all cases of porosity studied in this paper. Moreover, it is shown that the use of wind pressure coefficients is not appropriate for the case of extremely large openings.
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4.
  • Okada, Yukinori, et al. (författare)
  • Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis contributes to biology and drug discovery
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 506:7488, s. 376-381
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A major challenge in human genetics is to devise a systematic strategy to integrate disease-associated variants with diverse genomic and biological data sets to provide insight into disease pathogenesis and guide drug discovery for complex traits such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA)(1). Here we performed a genome-wide association study meta-analysis in a total of >100,000 subjects of European and Asian ancestries (29,880 RA cases and 73,758 controls), by evaluating similar to 10 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We discovered 42 novel RA risk loci at a genome-wide level of significance, bringing the total to 101 (refs 2-4). We devised an in silico pipeline using established bioinformatics methods based on functional annotation(5), cis-acting expression quantitative trait loci(6) and pathway analyses(7-9)-as well as novel methods based on genetic overlap with human primary immunodeficiency, haematological cancer somatic mutations and knockout mouse phenotypes-to identify 98 biological candidate genes at these 101 risk loci. We demonstrate that these genes are the targets of approved therapies for RA, and further suggest that drugs approved for other indications may be repurposed for the treatment of RA. Together, this comprehensive genetic study sheds light on fundamental genes, pathways and cell types that contribute to RA pathogenesis, and provides empirical evidence that the genetics of RA can provide important information for drug discovery.
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  • Sokka, Tuulikki, et al. (författare)
  • Work disability remains a major problem in rheumatoid arthritis in the 2000s : data from 32 countries in the QUEST-RA Study
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Arthritis Research & Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-6354 .- 1478-6362. ; 12:2, s. R42-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • INTRODUCTION:Work disability is a major consequence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), associated not only with traditional disease activity variables, but also more significantly with demographic, functional, occupational, and societal variables. Recent reports suggest that the use of biologic agents offers potential for reduced work disability rates, but the conclusions are based on surrogate disease activity measures derived from studies primarily from Western countries.METHODS:The Quantitative Standard Monitoring of Patients with RA (QUEST-RA) multinational database of 8,039 patients in 86 sites in 32 countries, 16 with high gross domestic product (GDP) (>24K US dollars (USD) per capita) and 16 low-GDP countries (<11K USD), was analyzed for work and disability status at onset and over the course of RA and clinical status of patients who continued working or had stopped working in high-GDP versus low-GDP countries according to all RA Core Data Set measures. Associations of work disability status with RA Core Data Set variables and indices were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analyses.RESULTS:At the time of first symptoms, 86% of men (range 57%-100% among countries) and 64% (19%-87%) of women <65 years were working. More than one third (37%) of these patients reported subsequent work disability because of RA. Among 1,756 patients whose symptoms had begun during the 2000s, the probabilities of continuing to work were 80% (95% confidence interval (CI) 78%-82%) at 2 years and 68% (95% CI 65%-71%) at 5 years, with similar patterns in high-GDP and low-GDP countries. Patients who continued working versus stopped working had significantly better clinical status for all clinical status measures and patient self-report scores, with similar patterns in high-GDP and low-GDP countries. However, patients who had stopped working in high-GDP countries had better clinical status than patients who continued working in low-GDP countries. The most significant identifier of work disability in all subgroups was Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) functional disability score.CONCLUSIONS:Work disability rates remain high among people with RA during this millennium. In low-GDP countries, people remain working with high levels of disability and disease activity. Cultural and economic differences between societies affect work disability as an outcome measure for RA.
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  • Takahashi, Kayo, et al. (författare)
  • Increase in hypothalamic aromatase in macaque monkeys treated with anabolic-androgenic steroids : PET study with [C-11]vorozole
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 22:7, s. 326-330
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In an earlier study in rodents, we showed that the aromatase that converts androgens to estrogens in the preoptic area and bed nucleus of stria terminalis was significantly increased in concentration after exposure to anabolic-androgenic steroids. To confirm whether this occurs in primates, we conducted a positron emission tomographic study using macaque monkeys. Male rhesus monkeys were treated with nandrolone decanoate for 3 weeks. To measure aromatase concentrations, we performed positron emission tomographic imaging using a C-11-labeled specific aromatase inhibitor, [C-11] vorozole. After treatment with nandrolone, significant increase in [C-11] vorozole binding was observed in the hypothalamus but not other areas including the amygdala, which is also aromatase enriched. These findings in monkeys are consistent with those we obtained earlier in rats. These findings strongly suggest that aromatase in the hypothalamus may play a crucial role in the emotional instability of anabolic-androgenic steroids abusers. NeuroReport 22:326-330 (C) 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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