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- Radamson, Henry H., et al.
(författare)
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State of the Art and Future Perspectives in Advanced CMOS Technology
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nanomaterials. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-4991. ; 10:8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The international technology roadmap of semiconductors (ITRS) is approaching the historical end point and we observe that the semiconductor industry is driving complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) further towards unknown zones. Today's transistors with 3D structure and integrated advanced strain engineering differ radically from the original planar 2D ones due to the scaling down of the gate and source/drain regions according to Moore's law. This article presents a review of new architectures, simulation methods, and process technology for nano-scale transistors on the approach to the end of ITRS technology. The discussions cover innovative methods, challenges and difficulties in device processing, as well as new metrology techniques that may appear in the near future.
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3. |
- Rothman, Nathaniel, et al.
(författare)
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A multi-stage genome-wide association study of bladder cancer identifies multiple susceptibility loci
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 42:11, s. 978-984
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted a multi-stage, genome-wide association study of bladder cancer with a primary scan of 591,637 SNPs in 3,532 affected individuals (cases) and 5,120 controls of European descent from five studies followed by a replication strategy, which included 8,382 cases and 48,275 controls from 16 studies. In a combined analysis, we identified three new regions associated with bladder cancer on chromosomes 22q13.1, 19q12 and 2q37.1: rs1014971, (P = 8 × 10⁻¹²) maps to a non-genic region of chromosome 22q13.1, rs8102137 (P = 2 × 10⁻¹¹) on 19q12 maps to CCNE1 and rs11892031 (P = 1 × 10⁻⁷) maps to the UGT1A cluster on 2q37.1. We confirmed four previously identified genome-wide associations on chromosomes 3q28, 4p16.3, 8q24.21 and 8q24.3, validated previous candidate associations for the GSTM1 deletion (P = 4 × 10⁻¹¹) and a tag SNP for NAT2 acetylation status (P = 4 × 10⁻¹¹), and found interactions with smoking in both regions. Our findings on common variants associated with bladder cancer risk should provide new insights into the mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
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