| 1. |
- Sun, Jia, et al.
(författare)
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Leaf pigment retrieval using the PROSAIL model : Influence of uncertainty in prior canopy-structure information
- 2022
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Ingår i: Crop Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 2095-5421 .- 2214-5141. ; 10:5, s. 1251-1263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leaf pigments are critical indicators of plant photosynthesis, stress, and physiological conditions. Inversion of radiative transfer models (RTMs) is a promising method for robustly retrieving leaf biochemical traits from canopy observations, and adding prior information has been effective in alleviating the “ill-posed” problem, a major challenge in model inversion. Canopy structure parameters, such as leaf area index (LAI) and average leaf inclination angle (ALA), can serve as prior information for leaf pigment retrieval. Using canopy spectra simulated from the PROSAIL model, we estimated the effects of uncertainty in LAI and ALA used as prior information for lookup table-based inversions of leaf chlorophyll (Cab) and carotenoid (Car). The retrieval accuracies of the two pigments were increased by use of the priors of LAI (RMSE of Cab from 7.67 to 6.32 μg cm−2, Car from 2.41 to 2.28 μg cm−2) and ALA (RMSE of Cab from 7.67 to 5.72 μg cm−2, Car from 2.41 to 2.23 μg cm−2). However, this improvement deteriorated with an increase of additive and multiplicative uncertainties, and when 40% and 20% noise was added to LAI and ALA respectively, these priors ceased to increase retrieval accuracy. Validation using an experimental winter wheat dataset also showed that compared with Car, the estimation accuracy of Cab increased more or deteriorated less with uncertainty in prior canopy structure. This study demonstrates possible limitations of using prior information in RTM inversions for retrieval of leaf biochemistry, when large uncertainties are present.
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| 2. |
- Chen, Tianyang, et al.
(författare)
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High-rate, high-capacity electrochemical energy storage in hydrogen-bonded fused aromatics
- 2023
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Ingår i: Joule. - : Elsevier BV. - 2542-4351. ; 7:5, s. 986-1002
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Designing materials for electrochemical energy storage with short charging times and high charge capacities is a longstanding challenge. The fundamental difficulty lies in incorporating a high density of redox couples into a stable material that can efficiently conduct both ions and electrons. We report all-organic, fused aromatic materials that store up to 310 mAh g−1 and charge in as little as 33 s. This performance stems from abundant quinone/imine functionalities that decorate an extended aromatic backbone, act as redox-active sites, engage in hydrogen bonding, and enable a delocalized high-rate energy storage with stability upon cycling. The extended conjugation and hydrogen-bonding-assisted bulk charge storage contrast with the surface-confined or hydration-dependent behavior of traditional inorganic electrodes.
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| 3. |
- Gravgaard Askjær, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-centennial Holocene climate variability in proxy records and transient model simulations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Variability on centennial to multi-centennial timescales is mentioned as a feature in reconstructions of the Holocene climate. As more long transient model simulations with complex climate models become available and efforts have been made to compile large proxy databases, there is now a unique opportunity to study multi-centennial variability with greater detail and a large amount of data than earlier. This paper presents a spectral analysis of transient Holocene simulations from 9 models and 120 proxy records to find the common signals related to oscillation periods and geographic dependencies and discuss the implications for the potential driving mechanisms. Multi-centennial variability is significant in most proxy records, with the dominant oscillation periods around 120–130 years and an average of 240 years. Spectra of model-based global mean temperature (GMT) agree well with proxy evidence with significant multi-centennial variability in all simulations with the dominant oscillation periods around 120–150 years. It indicates a comparatively good agreement between model and proxy data. A lack of latitudinal dependencies in terms of oscillation period is found in both the model and proxy data. However, all model simulations have the highest spectral density distributed over the Northern hemisphere high latitudes, which could indicate a particular variability sensitivity or potential driving mechanisms in this region. Five models also have differentiated forcings simulations with various combinations of forcing agents. Significant multi-centennial variability with oscillation periods between 100 and 200 years is found in all forcing scenarios, including those with only orbital forcing. The different forcings induce some variability in the system. Yet, none appear to be the predominant driver based on the spectral analysis. Solar irradiance has long been hypothesized to be a primary driver of multi-centennial variability. However, all the simulations without this forcing have shown significant multi-centennial variability. The results then indicate that internal mechanisms operate on multi-centennial timescales, and the North Atlantic-Arctic is a region of interest for this aspect.
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| 4. |
- Kang, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Vegetation in urban streets, squares, and courtyards
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environmental Methods for Transport Noise Reduction. - : CRC Press. - 9781482288773 ; , s. 177-194
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One of various ways in which vegetation cover used in the greening of urban areas can help improve the health and well-being of people is in how it changes the acoustic environment. This chapter presents findings of computer simulations and scale modelling to examine and quantify the effectiveness of green roof and green wall (vertical garden) systems in reducing road traffic noise for streets, squares, and roadside courtyards. Noise reduction by sound absorption in reflected and diffracted (over roofs) sound paths is investigated. Particular attention is paid to the importance of vegetation placement relative to the receiver/listening positions. Because the soil substrate used for the vertical walls has good sound absorption properties, it also can be used for green barriers. In this chapter, the effects of a low barrier made of green wall substrate are studied for an installation on the ground and on the top of buildings surrounding a courtyard.
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| 5. |
- Schoch, Conrad L., et al.
(författare)
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Finding needles in haystacks: linking scientific names, reference specimens and molecular data for Fungi
- 2014
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Ingår i: Database: The Journal of Biological Databases and Curation. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1758-0463. ; 2014:bau061, s. 1-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA phylogenetic comparisons have shown that morphology-based species recognition often underestimates fungal diversity. Therefore, the need for accurate DNA sequence data, tied to both correct taxonomic names and clearly annotated specimen data, has never been greater. Furthermore, the growing number of molecular ecology and microbiome projects using high-throughput sequencing require fast and effective methods for en masse species assignments. In this article, we focus on selecting and re-annotating a set of marker reference sequences that represent each currently accepted order of Fungi. The particular focus is on sequences from the internal transcribed spacer region in the nuclear ribosomal cistron, derived from type specimens and/or ex-type cultures. Re-annotated and verified sequences were deposited in a curated public database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), namely the RefSeq Targeted Loci (RTL) database, and will be visible during routine sequence similarity searches with NR_prefixed accession numbers. A set of standards and protocols is proposed to improve the data quality of new sequences, and we suggest how type and other reference sequences can be used to improve identification of Fungi.
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| 6. |
- Shi, Tian-Le, et al.
(författare)
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Differential gene expression and potential regulatory network of fatty acid biosynthesis during fruit and leaf development in yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium), an oil-producing tree with significant deployment values
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-462X. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Xanthoceras sorbifolium (yellowhorn) is a woody oil plant with super stress resistance and excellent oil characteristics. The yellowhorn oil can be used as biofuel and edible oil with high nutritional and medicinal value. However, genetic studies on yellowhorn are just in the beginning, and fundamental biological questions regarding its very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) biosynthesis pathway remain largely unknown. In this study, we reconstructed the VLCFA biosynthesis pathway and annotated 137 genes encoding relevant enzymes. We identified four oleosin genes that package triacylglycerols (TAGs) and are specifically expressed in fruits, likely playing key roles in yellowhorn oil production. Especially, by examining time-ordered gene co-expression network (TO-GCN) constructed from fruit and leaf developments, we identified key enzymatic genes and potential regulatory transcription factors involved in VLCFA synthesis. In fruits, we further inferred a hierarchical regulatory network with MYB-related (XS03G0296800) and B3 (XS02G0057600) transcription factors as top-tier regulators, providing clues into factors controlling carbon flux into fatty acids. Our results offer new insights into key genes and transcriptional regulators governing fatty acid production in yellowhorn, laying the foundation for efforts to optimize oil content and fatty acid composition. Moreover, the gene expression patterns and putative regulatory relationships identified here will inform metabolic engineering and molecular breeding approaches tailored to meet biofuel and bioproduct demands.
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| 7. |
- Xiao, Mouliang, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of microplastics on organic matter decomposition in paddy soil amended with crop residues and labile C: A three-source-partitioning study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3894. ; 416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microplastics (MPs) are a widespread pollutant in terrestrial ecosystems. However, knowledge on how MPs impact soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and the priming effect (PE) in rice paddy soil remains limited. By employing a three-source-partitioning approach, we investigated the interactive impact of MP dosage (none, low [0.01% w/w] or high [1% w/w]), labile C (14C-labeled glucose), and 13C-labeled rice straw addition on SOM decomposition and PE. Compared to soil without C addition (i.e., control), total SOM-derived CO2 in low-MP soil declined by 13.2% and 7.1% after straw and glucose addition, respectively. Under combined glucose and rice straw addition, glucose-induced PE was up to 10 times stronger in the presence of low-MPs compared to that in high-MPs. However, glucose induced negative PE on rice straw decomposition in the presence of MPs. SOM decomposition was much higher under low MP dosage than under high MP dosage. However, MPs had a negligible effect on the mineralization of exogenous C substrate (glucose or straw). This study provides a novel and valuable insight on how MPs affect SOM turnover and C sequestration in paddy soil, highlighting the significance of interactions between environmental pollutants and biogeochemical processes that affect CO2 fluxes.
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| 8. |
- Yang, Zhongwei, et al.
(författare)
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Application of bismuth sulfide based nanomaterials in cancer diagnosis and treatment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nano Today. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-044X .- 1748-0132. ; 49
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer is still the leading disease threatening human life and health at present. With the development of nanotechnology, multifunctional nanomaterials integrated with different diagnostic and therapeutic functions have become the most active field in nano-research. Among them, Bi2S3-based nanomaterials have attracted great attention in the biomedical field due to their special photothermal effect and biocompatibility. In this review, we systematically summarize the synthetic strategies and their physical-chemical properties of Bi2S3-based nanomaterials. Then we outline the recent research progress in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, which are highlighted and discussed in detail. In addition, the safety and biodistribution of Bi2S3-based nanomaterials are emphasized and discussed. It is believed that the emerging Bi2S3-based nanomaterials may realize the practical applications via unremitting efforts of scientific researchers in the near future.
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| 9. |
- Zhao, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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Role of bran particles in the formation of dark spots on fresh wet noodle sheets: what are the dark spots?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. - 1097-0010 .- 0022-5142. ; 103:11, s. 5560-5568
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Dark spots may affect the appearance of fresh noodles during storage, even when made from flour with low ash content. The effect of flour bran content on the degree of dark spot formation in fresh wet noodle sheets (FWNS) is investigated to explain this phenomenon. Results: Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) observation revealed that the wheat bran particles were responsible for the formation of dark spots on FWNS, with each bran particle core generating a single dark spot. In wheat flours with low ash content, the number of wheat bran particles causing dark spot formation on FWNS was limited, and these particles were not visible to the naked eye until their size exceeded approximately 50 μm. Tropolone, a polyphenol oxidase inhibitor (PubChem CID: 24900578) and dry heating treatment, which inactivates polyphenol oxidase, was found to inhibit or reduce the formation of dark spots. Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that bran particles, rich in polyphenol oxidase, play a key role in dark spot formation. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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