| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Zhang, Guojie, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparative genomics reveals insights into avian genome evolution and adaptation
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 346:6215, s. 1311-1320
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Birds are the most species-rich class of tetrapod vertebrates and have wide relevance across many research fields. We explored bird macroevolution using full genomes from 48 avian species representing all major extant clades. The avian genome is principally characterized by its constrained size, which predominantly arose because of lineage-specific erosion of repetitive elements, large segmental deletions, and gene loss. Avian genomes furthermore show a remarkably high degree of evolutionary stasis at the levels of nucleotide sequence, gene synteny, and chromosomal structure. Despite this pattern of conservation, we detected many non-neutral evolutionary changes in protein-coding genes and noncoding regions. These analyses reveal that pan-avian genomic diversity covaries with adaptations to different lifestyles and convergent evolution of traits.
|
|
| 3. |
- Wang, Nana, et al.
(författare)
-
Perovskite light-emitting diodes based on solution-processed self-organized multiple quantum wells
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Nature Photonics. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1749-4885 .- 1749-4893. ; 10:11, s. 699-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organometal halide perovskites can be processed from solutions at low temperatures to form crystalline direct-bandgap semiconductors with promising optoelectronic properties(1-5). However, the efficiency of their electroluminescence is limited by non-radiative recombination, which is associated with defects and leakage current due to incomplete surface coverage(6-9). Here we demonstrate a solution-processed perovskite light-emitting diode (LED) based on self-organized multiple quantum wells (MQWs) with excellent film morphologies. The MQW-based LED exhibits a very high external quantum efficiency of up to 11.7%, good stability and exceptional highpower performance with an energy conversion efficiency of 5.5% at a current density of 100 mA cm(-2). This outstanding performance arises because the lower bandgap regions that generate electroluminescence are effectively confined by perovskite MQWs with higher energy gaps, resulting in very efficient radiative decay. Surprisingly, there is no evidence that the large interfacial areas between different bandgap regions cause luminescence quenching.
|
|
| 4. |
- Schweinsberg, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Same data, different conclusions : Radical dispersion in empirical results when independent analysts operationalize and test the same hypothesis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0749-5978 .- 1095-9920. ; 165, s. 228-249
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this crowdsourced initiative, independent analysts used the same dataset to test two hypotheses regarding the effects of scientists' gender and professional status on verbosity during group meetings. Not only the analytic approach but also the operationalizations of key variables were left unconstrained and up to individual analysts. For instance, analysts could choose to operationalize status as job title, institutional ranking, citation counts, or some combination. To maximize transparency regarding the process by which analytic choices are made, the analysts used a platform we developed called DataExplained to justify both preferred and rejected analytic paths in real time. Analyses lacking sufficient detail, reproducible code, or with statistical errors were excluded, resulting in 29 analyses in the final sample. Researchers reported radically different analyses and dispersed empirical outcomes, in a number of cases obtaining significant effects in opposite directions for the same research question. A Boba multiverse analysis demonstrates that decisions about how to operationalize variables explain variability in outcomes above and beyond statistical choices (e.g., covariates). Subjective researcher decisions play a critical role in driving the reported empirical results, underscoring the need for open data, systematic robustness checks, and transparency regarding both analytic paths taken and not taken. Implications for orga-nizations and leaders, whose decision making relies in part on scientific findings, consulting reports, and internal analyses by data scientists, are discussed.
|
|
| 5. |
- Li, Ya Ting, et al.
(författare)
-
Efficacy of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in treatment of acute pediatric diarrhea : A systematic review with meta-analysis
- 2019
-
Ingår i: World Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.. - 1007-9327. ; 25:33, s. 4999-5016
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND Diarrhea is a major infectious cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. In clinical trials, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53013 (LGG) has been used to treat diarrhea. However, recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) found no evidence of a beneficial effect of LGG treatment. AIM To evaluate the efficacy of LGG in treating acute diarrhea in children. METHODS The EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science databases, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to April 2019 for metaanalyses and RCTs. The Cochrane Review Manager was used to analyze the relevant data. RESULTS Nineteen RCTs met the inclusion criteria and showed that compared with the control group, LGG administration notably reduced the diarrhea duration [mean difference (MD) -24.02 h, 95% confidence interval (CI) (-36.58, -11.45)]. More effective results were detected at a high dose . 1010 CFU per day [MD -22.56 h, 95%CI (-36.41, -8.72)] vs a lower dose. A similar reduction was found in Asian and European patients [MD -24.42 h, 95%CI (-47.01, -1.82); MD -32.02 h, 95%CI (- 49.26, -14.79), respectively]. A reduced duration of diarrhea was confirmed in LGG participants with diarrhea for less than 3 d at enrollment [MD -15.83 h, 95%CI (-20.68, -10.98)]. High-dose LGG effectively reduced the duration of rotavirus-induced diarrhea [MD -31.05 h, 95%CI (-50.31, -11.80)] and the stool number per day [MD -1.08, 95%CI (-1.87, -0.28)]. CONCLUSION High-dose LGG therapy reduces the duration of diarrhea and the stool number per day. Intervention at the early stage is recommended. Future trials are expected to verify the effectiveness of LGG treatment.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Zhang, Xizhao, et al.
(författare)
-
Contribution of potential clean trucks in carbon peak pathway of road freight based on scenario analysis: A case study of China
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 379
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reducing the carbon emissions from trucks is critical to achieving the carbon peak of road freight. Based on the prediction of truck population and well-to-wheel (WTW) emission analysis of traditional diesel trucks and po-tential clean trucks including natural gas, battery-electric, plug-in hybrid electric, and hydrogen fuel cell, the paper analyzed the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of Chinas road freight under four scenarios, including baseline, policy facilitation (PF), technology breakthrough (TB), and PF-TB. The truck population from 2021 to 2035 is predicted based on regression analysis by selecting the data from 2002 to 2020 of the main variables, such as the GDP scale, road freight turnover, road freight volume, and the number of trucks. The study forecasts the truck population of different segments, such as mini-duty trucks (MiDT), light-duty trucks (LDT), medium-duty trucks (MDT), and heavy-duty trucks (HDT). Relevant WTW emissions data are collected and adopted based on the popular truck in Chinas market, PHEVs have better emission intensity, especially in the HDT field, which reduces by 51% compared with ICEVs. Results show that the scenario of TB and PF-TB can reach the carbon peak with 0.13% and 1.5% total GHG emissions reduction per year. In contrast, the baseline and PF scenario fail the carbon peak due to only focusing on the number of clean trucks while lacking the restrictions on the GHG emission factors of energy and ignoring the improvement of trucks energy efficiency, and the total emissions increased by 29.76% and 16.69% respectively compared with 2020. As the insights, adopting clean trucks has an important but limited effect, which should coordinate with the transition to low carbon energy, and the melioration of clean trucks to reach the carbon peak of road freight in China.
|
|
| 9. |
- Zhang, Yingfeng, et al.
(författare)
-
Smart box-enabled product–service system for cloud logistics
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 54:22, s. 6693-6706
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern logistics takes significant progress and rapid developments with the prosperity of E-commerce, particularly in China. Typical challenges that logistics industry is facing now are composed by a lack of sharing, standard, cost-effective and environmental package and efficient optimisation method for logistics tasks distribution. As a result, it is difficult to implement green, sustainable logistics services. Three important technologies, Physical Internet (PI), product–service system (PSS) and cloud computing (CC), are adopted and developed to address the above issues. PI is extended to design a world-standard green recyclable smart box that is used to encapsulate goods. Smart box-enabled PSS is constructed to provide an innovative sustainable green logistics service, and high-quality packaging, as well as reduce logistics cost and environmental pollution. A real-time information-driven logistics tasks optimisation method is constructed by designing a cloud logistics platform based on CC. On this platform, a hierarchical tree-structure network for customer orders (COs) is built up to achieve the order-box matching of function. Then, a distance clustering analysis algorithm is presented to group and form the optimal clustering results for all COs, and a real-time information-driven optimisation method for logistics orders is proposed to minimise the unused volume of containers. Finally, a case study is simulated to demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of proposed cloud logistics optimisation method. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
|
|
| 10. |
- Zhao, Xiaofeng, et al.
(författare)
-
Response of Nd3+ and Sm3+ precipitating into rhabdophane and the leaching mechanism of associated monazite ceramics
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of The American Ceramic Society. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0002-7820 .- 1551-2916. ; 106:2, s. 1287-1298
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rhabdophane has been considered an important permeable reactive barrier to isolate groundwater radionuclides, and evaluating its precipitation response to different species of radionuclide in acid solutions is critical. In this work, the effects of pH values on the precipitation behavior of Nd3+ and Sm3+ into La-rhabdophane are systematically investigated. Some specific issues such as ions removal, precipitation reaction kinetics, and crystal growth affected ions incorporation are discussed in detail, along with uncovering the veil of the Ln (La, Nd, and Sm) leaching mechanism of associated La0.666Nd0.167Sm0.167PO4 monazite ceramic based on dissolution experiments and density functional theory. The results reveal that Nd3+ and Sm3+ can be removed more than 98% in pH = 1 solution within 12 h, whereas uneven precipitation process to form unexpected stoichiometric ratio of rhabdophane has been observed in 30-50 nm short crystal. Grain growth effects based on spark plasma sintering can contribute to homogenize the materials composition with obtaining La0.666Nd0.167Sm0.167PO4 monazite ceramics. Furthermore, the binding energy of Ln-O in (1 0 0) surface of monazite plays an important role in controlling the leaching stability of Ln(3+), associated with the leaching activities are energetically favorable in the order of La > Nd > Sm for La0.666Nd0.167Sm0.167PO4 monazite.
|
|
