| 1. |
- Bernatchez, Louis, et al.
(författare)
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Harnessing the Power of Genomics to Secure the Future of Seafood
- 2017
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Ingår i: Trends in Ecology and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347. ; 32:9, s. 665-680
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Best use of scientific knowledge is required to maintain the fundamental role of seafood in human nutrition. While it is acknowledged that genomic-based methods allow the collection of powerful data, their value to inform fisheries management, aquaculture, and biosecurity applications remains underestimated. We review genomic applications of relevance to the sustainable management of seafood resources, illustrate the benefits of, and identify barriers to their integration. We conclude that the value of genomic information towards securing the future of seafood does not need to be further demonstrated. Instead, we need immediate efforts to remove structural roadblocks and focus on ways that support integration of genomic-informed methods into management and production practices. We propose solutions to pave the way forward. Advancements of genetic technologies now allow the collection of genome-wide data in nonmodel species in a cost-effective manner. These genomic-informed technologies allow addressing a comprehensive spectrum of needs and applications relevant to fisheries, aquaculture, and biosecurity. Genomics tools also improve our understanding of how aquatic organisms adapt and respond to the environment, and improve our ability to monitor environmental variation and exploited species. Genomic approaches are now rapidly replacing traditional genetic markers, but their application in fisheries and aquaculture management has stagnated when compared to agriculture where they have long been used for improved production. There is no reason to further delay the application of genomic tools in fisheries management and aquaculture production.
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| 2. |
- Tedersoo, Leho, et al.
(författare)
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Global patterns in endemicity and vulnerability of soil fungi.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Global change biology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2486 .- 1354-1013. ; 28:22, s. 6696-6710
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fungi are highly diverse organisms, which provide multiple ecosystem services. However, compared with charismatic animals and plants, the distribution patterns and conservation needs of fungi have been little explored. Here, we examined endemicity patterns, global change vulnerability and conservation priority areas for functional groups of soil fungi based on six global surveys using a high-resolution, long-read metabarcoding approach. We found that the endemicity of all fungi and most functional groups peaks in tropical habitats, including Amazonia, Yucatan, West-Central Africa, Sri Lanka, and New Caledonia, with a negligible island effect compared with plants and animals. We also found that fungi are predominantly vulnerable to drought, heat and land-cover change, particularly in dry tropical regions with high human population density. Fungal conservation areas of highest priority include herbaceous wetlands, tropical forests, and woodlands. We stress that more attention should be focused on the conservation of fungi, especially root symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi in tropical regions as well as unicellular early-diverging groups and macrofungi in general. Given the low overlap between the endemicity of fungi and macroorganisms, but high conservation needs in both groups, detailed analyses on distribution and conservation requirements are warranted for other microorganisms and soil organisms.
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| 3. |
- Cairns, David M., et al.
(författare)
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Comparing two methods for ageing trees with suppressed, diffuse-porous rings (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Dendrochronologia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1125-7865 .- 1612-0051. ; 30:4, s. 252-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The annual growth rings of diffuse porous species such as mountain birch are often difficult to distinguish when samples are collected from trees that grow at treeline or in other harsh environments. In this study we document the differences in seedling and sapling ring counts obtained from two methods of analysis: a traditional analysis based on reflected light and low-power microscopy and one based on transmitted light with higher power magnification that uses thin-sections of the samples. Rings are easier to resolve using the more labor-intensive transmitted light method. Small rings are often missed when using the reflected light method, resulting in an underestimation of tree age. The dates estimated by the standard method agreed with those determined using the thin-sectioning method in 9.6% of the cases. Most commonly, the standard method gave a younger age than did thin-sectioning (72.4% of the trees). In only 18.03% of the cases did the standard method result in a greater age than did thin-sectioning. The reflected light method produced age estimations that were on average 1.37 years younger than those determined using the transmitted light method. The difference between the two methods was positively correlated with age and negatively correlated with mean ring-width. Age-class histograms based on the two methods show little difference at coarser aggregation levels (decades and pentads), but annualized age-class histograms have less agreement between the two methods. Therefore, we suggest using the more labor-intensive thin-sectioning method when annualized age counts are necessary in suppressed seedlings and saplings, for example, comparing tree establishment with annual climate conditions at treeline.
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| 4. |
- Davies, Brandon S J, et al.
(författare)
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GPIHBP1 is responsible for the entry of lipoprotein lipase into capillaries.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cell metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 1932-7420 .- 1550-4131. ; 12:1, s. 42-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lipolytic processing of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is the central event in plasma lipid metabolism, providing lipids for storage in adipose tissue and fuel for vital organs such as the heart. LPL is synthesized and secreted by myocytes and adipocytes, but then finds its way into the lumen of capillaries, where it hydrolyzes lipoprotein triglycerides. The mechanism by which LPL reaches the lumen of capillaries has remained an unresolved problem of plasma lipid metabolism. Here, we show that GPIHBP1 is responsible for the transport of LPL into capillaries. In Gpihbp1-deficient mice, LPL is mislocalized to the interstitial spaces surrounding myocytes and adipocytes. Also, we show that GPIHBP1 is located at the basolateral surface of capillary endothelial cells and actively transports LPL across endothelial cells. Our experiments define the function of GPIHBP1 in triglyceride metabolism and provide a mechanism for the transport of LPL into capillaries.
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