| 1. |
- Andrén, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Gender and arson : psychosocial, psychological, and somatic offender characteristics at the time of the crime
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1478-9949 .- 1478-9957. ; 34:1, s. 113-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deliberate fire-setting, such as the crime of arson, can have devastating, even lethal, consequences. This study compared factors at the time of arson by female and male offenders in Sweden between 2000–2010. The women (n = 100), and men (n = 100) included in this study were randomly chosen from among all individuals who had been convicted for arson during this period and who underwent forensic psychiatric investigations. Information regarding psychiatric and somatic characteristics, their psychosocial situation, and whether they were in contact with health or social services before the arsons were examined. The results showed that both women and men have complex psychiatric and somatic characteristics, as well as psychosocial situations. Women showed more self-destructive behaviour, lower Global Assessment of Functioning scores, and had been in contact with psychiatric health services to a greater extent than men. More women than men had children. These findings suggest that specific actions may be needed for preventing and treating women compared with men at risk for committing arson.
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| 2. |
- Lindholm, Torun, et al.
(författare)
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Ethnicity and gender biases in the courtroom
- 2010
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Ingår i: Forensic psychology in context. - Cullompton : Willan Publishing. - 9781843928270 ; , s. 228-246
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The chapter provides a review of the social psychological literature on ethnicity- and gender-based prejudice and discrimination in the legal system. The review begins with an overview of the international research on ethnic and racial discrimination, focusing on the mechanisms behind biases and the conditions during which they occur. The chapter then focus more closely on findings from the Nordic countries with regard to these phenomena.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Yourstone, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence of gender bias in legal insanity evaluations : A case vignette study of clinicians, judges, and students
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 62:4, s. 273-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forensic psychiatric decision-making plays a key role in the legal process of homicide cases. Research show that women defendants have a higher likelihood of being declared legally insane and being diverted to hospital. This study attempted to explore if this gender difference is explained by biases in the forensic psychiatric assessments. Participants were 45 practicing forensic psychiatric clinicians, 46 chief judges and 80 psychology students. Participants received a written vignette describing a homicide case, with either a female or a male perpetrator. The results suggested strong gender effects on legal insanity judgements. Forensic psychiatric clinicians and psychology students assessed the case information as more indicative of legal insanity if the perpetrator was a woman than a man. Judges assessed offenders of their own gender, as they were more likely to be declared legally insane than a perpetrator of the opposite gender. Implications of and possible ways to minimize such gender biases in forensic psychiatric evaluations need to be thoroughly considered by the legal system.
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| 5. |
- Yourstone, Jenny, 1965-
(författare)
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Violent female offenders : Facts and preconceptions
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Women’s comparably low participation in criminal activity has resulted in little overall attention to female offenders in criminological research. The general aim of the present thesis is to illuminate aspects of particular significance for understanding female perpetrators of very serious crimes. Areas of interest are gender differences in the offenders’ psychosocial background, the offenders’ mental illness and medico-legal insanity decisions regarding violent offenders. Study I compared the psychosocial background of female and male perpetrators convicted of homicide in Sweden. The female perpetrators had experienced more severe childhood circumstances. At the time of the crime they had a more ordered social situation but they were more likely to have been exposed to violence and to have sought help than the corresponding men. Study II investigated differences between female and male offenders regarding forensic psychiatric diagnoses and medico-legal insanity decisions. A significantly higher proportion of mentally disordered females were diagnosed with personality disorder, while mentally disordered male offenders more often received a diagnosis of substance dependence or sexual disorders. There was an increased likelihood for violent women to be declared legally insane. Study III attempted to explore whether the differences observed in Study II could be explained by gender bias in forensic psychiatric assessments. The results suggested strong gender effects on legal insanity judgments among clinicians and judges. Consequently, the higher occurrence of legal insanity decisions regarding female defendants found in Study II could be explained, at least in part, by gender-related bias in the judicial system. Influence from such legally irrelevant factors may pose a serious threat to the fairness of the legal system. These results highlight the need for increased knowledge and awareness of human information processing limitations among legal decision-makers.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Yourstone, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Women who kill : A comparison of the psychosocial background of female and male perpetrators convicted of lethal violence in Sweden between 1995-2001
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-2527 .- 1873-6386. ; 31:4, s. 374-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to compare the psychosocial background of female and male perpetrators convicted of homicide in Sweden between 1995–2001. All women (n = 43) who were convicted for lethal violence during the period and a corresponding number of randomly chosen men (n = 43) were examined. In total, information about 86 individuals was collected retrospectively. Areas of interest were psychosocial variables during childhood and at the time of the current crime. Results showed that both female and male perpetrators were psychosocially encumbered already at an early age. Homicidal women had more severe childhood circumstances, but less aggressive childhood behaviour than did their male counterparts. At the time of the crime, women had a more ordered social situation, had more often been exposed to violence and searched for help than had the men. These gender differences suggest that specific actions are needed for preventing women's homicidal behaviour.
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