| 1. |
- Chen, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Using existing infrastructures of high-speed railways for photovoltaic electricity generation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cities worldwide are stepping up efforts to reshape their infrastructure to ensure a carbon-neutral and sustainable future, leading to the rapid electrification of transportation systems. The electricity demand of this sector, particularly that of high-speed railways, is increasing. Application of the existing infrastructures of railway stations and available land along rail lines for photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation has the potential to power high-speed bullet trains with renewable energy and supply surplus electricity to surrounding users. In this work, a methodology based on a geographic information system was established to evaluate the PV potential along rail lines and on the roofs of train stations. The Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway (HSR) was used as a case study. Its total PV potential reached 5.65 GW (of which the station potential accounted for 264 MW, approximately 4.68%, of the total potential), with a lifelong generation capacity of 155 TWh, which corresponds to approximately 12% of the total new installed capacity of China in 2020. Although electricity prices and solar resources differed along the railway line, all PV systems were profitable. Moreover, a comparison between the electricity consumption and generation shows that the PV+HSR system can cover most of the electricity demand of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR without a storage system. This concept can be further expanded to other rail lines and stations. Within the context of global carbon peaks and carbon neutrality, the integration of PV and railway systems should be promoted.
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| 2. |
- Jiang, M., et al.
(författare)
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An Assessment Of Pv Accommodation Capacity In Power Plants : A Case Study Of China
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy. Proc.. - : Scanditale AB.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As China delivering on the promise on energy transition, its photovoltaics(PV) market has become the biggest in the world, the total installed PV capacity has reached 180 GW. However, to meet the goal on 20% of total energy consumption from renewable sources, PV potential is appealing to continue release. Currently, PV deployment in China mainly focuses on residential rooftop PV systems and utility-scale PV plants, and is somehow stuck by curtailment. Distributed PV system for industrial users that has have many advantages is promising to achieve completely consumption onsite yet is still lack of investigation. Here, we present an assessment on the potential PV accommodation capacity in China’s power plants by using abundant real data from power plants and geographic information system(GIS). The results show the accommodation capability of PV is 31.30 GW in power generation sector, or 3.73×1010 kWh for auxiliary power demand and is able to reduce 5.81×107 tons of CO2 and 9.70×103 tons of PM2.5 annually.
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| 3. |
- Jiang, M., et al.
(författare)
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National level assessment of using existing airport infrastructures for photovoltaic deployment
- 2021
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The airport is one of the most fundamental infrastructures in our society, its terminal buildings and parking lots are ideal locations for photovoltaic (PV) installation. The future trend of the electrification of the aviation and automobile industries will increase the electricity demand at airports calls for the integration of PV systems with airport infrastructure. Understanding the benefits of airport PV systems is crucial for the stakeholders including investors, project developers and policymakers to promote PV sector development. Thus, evaluation of the PV potential and relevant economic performance of airports is essential. Combined with the geographic information system (GIS), the PV potential of the civil airports in China is investigated. The results show that potential PV capacity of China's 239 civil airports reaches up to 2.50 GW. The annual electricity demand of the aviation industry in 8 provinces can be self-satisfied via airport PV generation. Detailed economic analysis shows that all airport PV systems are profitable through appropriate investment and operation strategies. © 2021
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| 4. |
- Sadrizadeh, Sasan, et al.
(författare)
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Indoor air quality and health in schools : A critical review for developing the roadmap for the future school environment
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2352-7102. ; 57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several research studies have ranked indoor pollution among the top environmental risks to public health in recent years. Good indoor air quality is an essential component of a healthy indoor environment and significantly affects human health and well-being. Poor air quality in such environments may cause respiratory disease for millions of pupils around the globe and, in the current pandemic-dominated era, require ever more urgent actions to tackle the burden of its impacts. The poor indoor quality in such environments could result from poor management, operation, maintenance, and cleaning. Pupils are a different segment of the population from adults in many ways, and they are more exposed to the poor indoor environment: They breathe in more air per unit weight and are more sensitive to heat/cold and moisture. Thus, their vulnerability is higher than adults, and poor conditions may affect proper development. However, a healthy learning environment can reduce the absence rate, improves test scores, and enhances pupil/teacher learning/teaching productivity. In this article, we analyzed recent literature on indoor air quality and health in schools, with the primary focus on ventilation, thermal comfort, productivity, and exposure risk. This study conducts a comprehensive review to summarizes the existing knowledge to highlight the latest research and solutions and proposes a roadmap for the future school environment. In conclusion, we summarize the critical limitations of the existing studies, reveal insights for future research directions, and propose a roadmap for further improvements in school air quality. More parameters and specific data should be obtained from in-site measurements to get a more in-depth understanding at contaminant characteristics. Meanwhile, site-specific strategies for different school locations, such as proximity to transportation routes and industrial areas, should be developed to suit the characteristics of schools in different regions. The socio-economic consequences of health and performance effects on children in classrooms should be considered. There is a great need for more comprehensive studies with larger sample sizes to study on environmental health exposure, student performance, and indoor satisfaction. More complex mitigation measures should be evaluated by considering energy efficiency, IAQ and health effects.
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| 5. |
- Yu, Q., et al.
(författare)
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GPS data in urban bicycle-sharing : Dynamic electric fence planning with assessment of resource-saving and potential energy consumption increasement
- 2022
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a newly-emerging option of shared transportation, Internet-enabled dockless bicycle sharing is well accepted by the public. The implementation of electric fences has great potential to tackle the problem of random parking in bicycle sharing services. However, the deployment of electric fences would have a negative impact on the convenience of bicycle sharing services, which might lead to an increase in energy consumption among customers who switch their methods of transportation. This paper proposes a dynamic electric fence planning method with an assessment of resource-saving and potential energy consumption increasement. An agent-based model is proposed to simulate the trips and evaluated the performance of static and dynamic electric fences. The results show that dynamic electric fences require significantly shorter walking distances than static electric fences. The implementation of electric fences in the city center can significantly avoid random parking and improve the parking tidiness of bicycles. The implementation of dynamic and static electric fences can averagely save 25.31% and 27.76% bicycle resources. By estimating travel mode shifting, dynamic electric fence can reduce energy consumption by 5.79% per day compared to the static electric fence situation.
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| 6. |
- Feng, J. -C, et al.
(författare)
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Case study of an industrial park toward zero carbon emission
- 2018
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 209, s. 65-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrial park shoulders heavy responsibilities for economic development, and in the meantime, acts the role as energy consumer and carbon emitter. Under the background of holding the average global temperature increase limited in 2 °C compared to the pre-industrial level, which was proposed in the Paris Agreement, the development of zero carbon emission at the industrial park level is of great importance. This study investigated how to realize zero carbon emission at an industrial park level. In addition, a practical case study of the Southern China Traditional Chinese Medicine Industrial Park located in the Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province of China was conducted. Scenario analyses were projected to realize zero carbon emission in this industrial park and the results show that zero carbon emission can be realized under all the three scenarios. Economic assessments found that purchasing carbon offsets get the minimum cost effectiveness under current market situation. However, purchasing carbon offset may not be the best choice from the aspect of absolute reduction. Sensitivity analyses illustrate that the cost effectiveness of carbon reduction is remarkably influenced by the carbon price and solar energy cost reduction ratio. Meanwhile, applying large-scale renewable energy and producing more carbon offset can harvest more economic and carbon reduction benefits when the current solar energy cost has been reduced by 90%. Moreover, challenges of building zero-carbon industrial park as well as the corresponding solution schemes were discussed.
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| 7. |
- He, C., et al.
(författare)
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PV integration potential with infrastructures in steel industry and its technoeconomic analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy. Proc.. - : Scanditale AB.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The high energy consumption of the steel industry has been a major challenge for the sustainability and environmental protection. Steel companies, the backbone of heavy industry in China take a vital position in climate change mitigation. To pursue sustainability and decrease emissions, an increasing number of steel companies tend to seek help from renewable energy. Integrating solar photovoltaics (PV) at steel plants is promising to reach the target. This paper investigates the potential capacity, potential output and economic performance of PV technology of 228 steel plants in China. The results indicate that the huge potential capacity and output are up to 6.96×106 KW and 9.71×109 kWh, respectively. Moreover, the ROI and profit under all self-consumption scenarios and all feed-into grid scenarios are evaluated, which shows integrating PV into the steel industry is also profitable. Among two scenarios, the all self-consumption scenario earns a higher ROI and profit compared with the all feed-into grid scenario.
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| 8. |
- Jiang, Mingkun, et al.
(författare)
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A techno-economic comparison between grounding PV and floating PV for shore power generation : Case study of Yangshan port
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy. Proc.. - : Scanditale AB.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrification is taking place to reduce the emissions from maritime transportation by substituting ships’ auxiliary engine generation with shore power systems, therefore the power demand at berths increases dramatically. In this paper, we take Yangshan Port as an example to evaluates the feasibility of different photovoltaics (PV) technologies to suffice shore power demand based on geographic information system. The results show the potential shore power demand at Yangshan port is 288.8 MW, which can be sufficed by deploying PV either on available land or on water area. The further techno-economic comparison between conventional grounding PV and floating PV reveals that although the system cost of floating PV is higher than grounding PV, the higher efficiency of floating PV due to the cooling effect of water, in turn, results in a lower levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). The LCOE of all types of PV system is much lower than the retail electricity rate at Yangshan Port, which indicates that with the assistance of PV technology, high cost, the biggest hindrance of prompting shore power at Yangshan port can be overcome, and integrating PV technology at ports is a promising and practical solution to cope with electrification trend in the maritime transportation sector.
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| 9. |
- Nelson, D. W., et al.
(författare)
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The Karolinska NeuroCOVID study protocol: Neurocognitive impairment, biomarkers and advanced imaging in critical care survivors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 66:6, s. 759-766
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This is the study plan of the Karolinska NeuroCOVID study, a study of neurocognitive impairment after severe COVID-19, relating post-intensive care unit (ICU) cognitive and neurological deficits to biofluid markers and MRI. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed enormous health challenges to individuals and health- systems worldwide. An emerging feature of severe COVID-19 is that of temporary and extended neurocognitive impairment, exhibiting a myriad of symptoms and signs. The causes of this symptomatology have not yet been fully elucidated. Methods: In this study, we aim to investigate patients treated for severe COVID-19 in the ICU, as to describe and relate serum-, plasma- and cerebrospinal fluid-borne molecular and cellular biomarkers of immune activity, coagulopathy, cerebral damage, neuronal inflammation, and degeneration, to the temporal development of structural and functional changes within the brain as evident by serial MRI and extensive cognitive assessments at 3-12 months after ICU discharge. Results: To date, we have performed 51 3-month follow-up MRIs in the ICU survivors. Of these, two patients (similar to 4%) have had incidental findings on brain MRI findings requiring activation of the Incidental Findings Management Plan. Furthermore, the neuropsychological and neurological examinations have so far revealed varying and mixed patterns. Several patients expressed cognitive and/or mental concerns and fatigue, complaints closely related to brain fog. Conclusion: The study goal is to gain a better understanding of the pathological mechanisms and neurological consequences of this new disease, with a special emphasis on neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory processes, in order to identify targets of intervention and rehabilitation.
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| 10. |
- Pan, G., et al.
(författare)
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Thermal performance of a binary carbonate molten eutectic salt for high-temperature energy storage applications
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molten carbonate eutectic salts are promising thermal storage and heat transfer fluid materials in solar thermal power plant with the feature of large specific heat capacity, wide operating temperature range and little corrosive. The high-temperature properties of molten carbonates should be determined accurately over the entire operating temperature for energy system design. In this paper, molecular dynamic simulation is used to study temperature and component dependence of microstructures and thermophysical properties of the binary carbonate molten salt. Negative linear temperature dependence of densities and thermal conductivities of binary mixtures of different components is confirmed with respect to the distances of ion clusters. Besides, positive linear temperature dependence of self-diffusion coefficient is also obtained. When temperature is constant, densities and thermal conductivities of binary mixtures are linearly related with components. Self-diffusion coefficients of CO32− firstly increase and then decrease with increasing mole fraction of Na2CO3. The temperature-thermophysical properties-composition correlation formulas are obtained, and the database of thermophysical properties of molten carbonate salts over the entire operating temperature is complemented, which will provide the essential data for heat transfer and storage system design, operation, and optimization in CSP.
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