| 1. |
- Kozyrev, Sergey V, et al.
(författare)
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Functional variants in the B-cell gene BANK1 are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 40:2, s. 211-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypical autoimmune disease characterized by production of autoantibodies and complex genetic inheritance(1-3). In a genome-wide scan using 85,042 SNPs, we identified an association between SLE and a nonsynonymous substitution (rs10516487, R61H) in the B-cell scaffold protein with ankyrin repeats gene, BANK1. We replicated the association in four independent case-control sets (combined P = 3.7 x 10(-10); OR = 1.38). We analyzed BANK1 cDNA and found two isoforms, one full-length and the other alternatively spliced and lacking exon 2 (Delta 2), encoding a protein without a putative IP3R-binding domain. The transcripts were differentially expressed depending on a branch point-site SNP, rs17266594, in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs10516487. A third associated variant was found in the ankyrin domain (rs3733197, A383T). Our findings implicate BANK1 as a susceptibility gene for SLE, with variants affecting regulatory sites and key functional domains. The disease-associated variants could contribute to sustained B cell-receptor signaling and B-cell hyperactivity characteristic of this disease.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Zaghlool, Ammar, et al.
(författare)
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Mutation in the chromatin-remodeling factor BAZ1A is associated with intellectual disability
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Exome sequencing has led to the identification of mutations in several genes involved in chromatin remodeling in syndromic forms of intellectual disability. Here, we used exome sequencing to identify a single non-synonymous de novo mutation in BAZ1A, encoding the ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodeling factor 1 (ACF1), in a patient with unexplained intellectual disability. ACF1 has been previously reported to bind to the promoter of vitamin D receptor (VDR) regulated genes and suppress their expression in the absence of vitamin D. We found that the mutation in BAZ1A affects the expression of many genes, mainly involved in extra cellular matrix organization, synaptic function and vitamin D3 metabolism. The differential expression of CYP24A, SYNGAP1 and COL1A2 correlates with the clinical diagnosis of the patient. We therefore propose that BAZ1A represents yet another chromatin remodeling gene involved in causing an intellectual disability syndrome.
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| 4. |
- Forsberg, Lars A., et al.
(författare)
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Mosaic loss of chromosome Y in peripheral blood is associated with shorter survival and higher risk of cancer
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 46:6, s. 624-628
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Incidence and mortality for sex-unspecific cancers are higher among men, a fact that is largely unexplained(1,2). Furthermore, age-related loss of chromosome Y (LOY) is frequent in normal hematopoietic cells(3,4), but the phenotypic consequences of LOY have been elusive(5-10). From analysis of 1,153 elderly men, we report that LOY in peripheral blood was associated with risks of all-cause mortality (hazards ratio (HR) = 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17-3.13; 637 events) and non-hematological cancer mortality (HR = 3.62, 95% CI = 1.56-8.41; 132 events). LOY affected at least 8.2% of the subjects in this cohort, and median survival times among men with LOY were 5.5 years shorter. Association of LOY with risk of all-cause mortality was validated in an independent cohort (HR = 3.66) in which 20.5% of subjects showed LOY. These results illustrate the impact of post-zygotic mosaicism on disease risk, could explain why males are more frequently affected by cancer and suggest that chromosome Y is important in processes beyond sex determination. LOY in blood could become a predictive biomarker of male carcinogenesis.
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| 5. |
- Halvardson, Jonatan, et al.
(författare)
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Mutations in HECW2 are associated with intellectual disability and epilepsy
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Genetics. - : BMJ. - 0022-2593 .- 1468-6244. ; 53:10, s. 697-704
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: De novo mutations are a frequent cause of disorders related to brain development. We report the results of screening patients diagnosed with both epilepsy and intellectual disability (ID) using exome sequencing to identify known and new causative de novo mutations relevant to these conditions.METHODS: Exome sequencing was performed on 39 patient-parent trios to identify de novo mutations. Clinical significance of de novo mutations in genes was determined using the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics standard guidelines for interpretation of coding variants. Variants in genes of unknown clinical significance were further analysed in the context of previous trio sequencing efforts in neurodevelopmental disorders.RESULTS: In 39 patient-parent trios we identified 29 de novo mutations in coding sequence. Analysis of de novo and inherited variants yielded a molecular diagnosis in 11 families (28.2%). In combination with previously published exome sequencing results in neurodevelopmental disorders, our analysis implicates HECW2 as a novel candidate gene in ID and epilepsy.CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the use of exome sequencing as a diagnostic approach for ID and epilepsy, and confirm previous results regarding the importance of de novo mutations in this patient group. The results also highlight the utility of network analysis and comparison to previous large-scale studies as strategies to prioritise candidate genes for further studies. This study adds knowledge to the increasingly growing list of causative and candidate genes in ID and epilepsy and highlights HECW2 as a new candidate gene for neurodevelopmental disorders.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Martin M., 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Novel Y-Chromosome Long Non-Coding RNAs Expressed in Human Male CNS During Early Development
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Genetics. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-8021. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global microarray gene expression analyses previously demonstrated differences in female and male embryos during neurodevelopment. In particular, before sexual maturation of the gonads, the differences seem to concentrate on the expression of genes encoded on the X- and Y-chromosomes. To investigate genome-wide differences in expression during this early developmental window, we combined high-resolution RNA sequencing with qPCR to analyze brain samples from human embryos during the first trimester of development. Our analysis was tailored for maximum sensitivity to discover Y-chromosome gene expression, but at the same time, it was underpowered to detect X-inactivation escapees. Using this approach, we found that 5 out of 13 expressed gametolog pairs showed unbalanced gene dosage, and as a consequence, a male-biased expression. In addition, we found six novel non-annotated long non-coding RNAs on the Y-chromosome with conserved expression patterns in newborn chimpanzee. The tissue specific and time-restricted expression of these long non-coding RNAs strongly suggests important functions during central nervous system development in human males.
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| 7. |
- Mattisson, Jonas, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
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Loss of chromosome Y in regulatory T cells
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2164. ; 25:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundMosaic loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in leukocytes is the most prevalent somatic aneuploidy in aging humans. Men with LOY have increased risks of all-cause mortality and the major causes of death, including many forms of cancer. It has been suggested that the association between LOY and disease risk depends on what type of leukocyte is affected with Y loss, with prostate cancer patients showing higher levels of LOY in CD4 + T lymphocytes. In previous studies, Y loss has however been observed at relatively low levels in this cell type. This motivated us to investigate whether specific subsets of CD4 + T lymphocytes are particularly affected by LOY. Publicly available, T lymphocyte enriched, single-cell RNA sequencing datasets from patients with liver, lung or colorectal cancer were used to study how LOY affects different subtypes of T lymphocyte. To validate the observations from the public data, we also generated a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset comprised of 23 PBMC samples and 32 CD4 + T lymphocytes enriched samples.ResultsRegulatory T cells had significantly more LOY than any other studied T lymphocytes subtype. Furthermore, LOY in regulatory T cells increased the ratio of regulatory T cells compared with other T lymphocyte subtypes, indicating an effect of Y loss on lymphocyte differentiation. This was supported by developmental trajectory analysis of CD4 + T lymphocytes culminating in the regulatory T cells cluster most heavily affected by LOY. Finally, we identify dysregulation of 465 genes in regulatory T cells with Y loss, many involved in the immunosuppressive functions and development of regulatory T cells.ConclusionsHere, we show that regulatory T cells are particularly affected by Y loss, resulting in an increased fraction of regulatory T cells and dysregulated immune functions. Considering that regulatory T cells plays a critical role in the process of immunosuppression; this enrichment for regulatory T cells with LOY might contribute to the increased risk for cancer observed among men with Y loss in leukocytes.
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| 8. |
- Sano, Soichi, et al.
(författare)
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Hematopoietic loss of Y chromosome leads to cardiac fibrosis and heart failure mortality
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 377:6603, s. 292-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hematopoietic mosaic loss of Y chromosome (mLOY) is associated with increased risk of mortality and age-related diseases in men, but the causal and mechanistic relationships have yet to be established. Here, we show that male mice reconstituted with bone marrow cells lacking the Y chromosome display increased mortality and age-related profibrotic pathologies including reduced cardiac function. Cardiac macrophages lacking the Y chromosome exhibited polarization toward a more fibrotic phenotype, and treatment with a transforming growth factor β1–neutralizing antibody ameliorated cardiac dysfunction in mLOY mice. A prospective study revealed that mLOY in blood is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and heart failure–associated mortality. Together, these results indicate that hematopoietic mLOY causally contributes to fibrosis, cardiac dysfunction, and mortality in men.
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| 9. |
- Zaghlool, Ammar, 1980-
(författare)
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Genome-wide Characterization of RNA Expression and Processing
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The production of fully mature protein-coding transcripts is an intricate process that involves numerous regulation steps. The complexity of these steps provides the means for multilayered control of gene expression. Comprehensive understanding of gene expression regulation is essential for interpreting the role of gene expression programs in tissue specificity, development and disease. In this thesis, we aim to provide a better global view of the human transcriptome, focusing on its content, synthesis, processing and regulation using next-generation sequencing as a read-out.In Paper I, we show that sequencing of total RNA provides unique insights into RNA processing. Our results revealed that co-transcriptional splicing is a widespread mechanism in human and chimpanzee brain tissues. We also found a correlation between slowly removed introns and alternative splicing. In Paper II, we explore the benefits of exome capture approaches in combination with RNA-sequencing to detect transcripts expressed at low-levels. Based on our results, we demonstrate that this approach increases the sensitivity for detecting low level transcripts and leads to the identification of novel exons and splice isoforms. In Paper III, we highlight the advantages of performing RNA-sequencing on separate cytoplasmic and nuclear RNA fractions. In comparison with conventional poly(A) RNA, cytoplasmic RNA contained a significantly higher fraction of exonic sequence, providing increased sensitivity for splice junction detection and for improved de novo assembly. Conversely, the nuclear fraction showed an enrichment of unprocessed RNA compared to when sequencing total RNA, making it suitable for analysis of RNA processing dynamics. In Paper IV, we used exome sequencing to sequence the DNA of a patient with unexplained intellectual disability and identified a de novo mutation in BAZ1A, which encodes the chromatin-remodeling factor ACF1. Functional studies indicated that the mutation influences the expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix organization, synaptic function and vitamin D3 metabolism. The differential expression of CYP24A, SYNGAP1 and COL1A2 correlated with the patient’s clinical diagnosis.The findings presented in this thesis contribute towards an improved understanding of the human transcriptome in health and disease, and highlight the advantages of developing novel methods to obtain global and comprehensive views of the transcriptome.
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| 10. |
- Zaghlool, Ammar, et al.
(författare)
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Splicing in the Human Brain
- 2014
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Ingår i: Brain Transcriptome. - : Elsevier. - 9780128011058 ; , s. 95-125
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has become increasingly clear over the past decade that RNA has important functions in human cells beyond its role as an intermediate translator of DNA to protein. It is now known that RNA plays highly specific roles in pathways involved in regulatory, structural, and catalytic functions. The complexity of RNA production and regulation has become evident with the advent of high-throughput methods to study the transcriptome. Deep sequencing has revealed an enormous diversity of RNA types and transcript isoforms in human cells. The transcriptome of the human brain is particularly interesting as it contains more expressed genes than other tissues and also displays an extreme diversity of transcript isoforms, indicating that highly complex regulatory pathways are present in the brain. Several of these regulatory proteins are now identified, including RNA-binding proteins that are neuron specific. RNA-binding proteins also play important roles in regulating the splicing process and the temporal and spatial isoform production. While significant progress has been made in understanding the human transcriptome, many questions still remain regarding the basic mechanisms of splicing and subcellular localization of RNA. A long-standing question is to what extent the splicing of pre-mRNA is cotranscriptional and posttranscriptional, respectively. Recent data, including studies of the human brain, indicate that splicing is primarily cotranscriptional in human cells. This chapter describes the current understanding of splicing and splicing regulation in the human brain and discusses the recent global sequence-based analyses of transcription and splicing.
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