| 1. |
- Wang, Yongxiang, et al.
(författare)
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Health status and risk profiles for brain aging of rural‐dwelling older adults : Data from the interdisciplinary baseline assessments in MIND‐China
- 2022
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Ingår i: Alzheimer’s & Dementia. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2352-8737. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Multidomain intervention approaches have emerged as a potential strategy to reduce dementia risk. We sought to describe the baseline assessment approaches, health conditions, and risk profiles for brain aging of participants in the randomized controlled Multimodal INterventions to delay Dementia and disability in rural China (MIND-China).Methods: MIND-China engaged residents who were >= 60 years of age and living in rural communities in the western Shandong province. In March to September 2018, all participants underwent the core module assessments via face-to-face interviews, clinical examinations, neuropsychological testings, and laboratory tests. Specific modules of examination were performed for sub-samples, including brain magnetic resonance imaging scans, genetic and blood biochemical markers, actigraphy testing, cardiopulmonary coupling analysis for sleep quality and disturbances, audiometric testing, and optical coherence tomography examination. We performed descriptive analysis.Results: In total, 5765 participants (74.9% of all eligible residents) undertook the baseline assessments. The mean age was 70.9 years (standard deviation, 5.9), 57.2% were women, 40.6% were illiterate, and 88.3% were farmers. The overall prevalence of common chronic diseases was 67.2% for hypertension, 23.4% for dyslipidemia, 23.5% for heart disease, 14.4% for diabetes mellitus, and 5.4% for dementia. The prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, heart disease, depressive symptoms, and dementia were higher in women than in men (P < .05). Overall, 87.1% of the participants had at least two of the 15 chronic diseases (89.3% in women vs 84.2% in men, P < .001). Participants examined for the specific modules were younger, more likely to be women, and more educated than those not examined.Discussion: Comprehensive baseline assessments of participants in MIND-China provide extremely valuable data sources for interdisciplinary research into the complex relationships of aging, health, brain aging, and functional consequences among older adults living in the rural communities.Highlights:MIND-China is a multimodal intervention study among rural residents >= 60 years of age.At baseline, 5765 participants undertook the interdisciplinary assessments.The baseline assessments consisted of core module and specific modules.Specific modules included brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), blood biomarkers, ActiGraph, cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC), pure-tone audiometry (PTA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT).
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| 2. |
- Feng, Junlong, et al.
(författare)
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Two-sided Discrimination in an Entrepreneurial Financing Setting : Experimental and Theoretical Evidence
- 2022
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Ingår i: SSRN Electronic Journal. - : SSRN. - 1556-5068 .- 1556-5068.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Women's participation rate in the high-growth entrepreneurship has been consistently lower than in other high-skilled jobs for previous decades. This paper aims to explain this unique persistent gender gap in both the US venture capital industry and the US entrepreneurial activities from the point of view of gender discrimination on both sides of a two-sided matching market (i.e., the US entrepreneurial financing market). We invite real US startup founders to evaluate multiple randomly generated venture capitalists' and angel investors' profiles. Despite knowing all investor profiles are hypothetical, startup founders are willing to provide truthful evaluations to receive a data-driven investor recommendation list. This experiment provides the following findings. (i) Male entrepreneurs have implicit gender discrimination against female investors, who are perceived as lower quality and with fewer investment intentions. However, gender discrimination does not exist among female entrepreneurs. (ii) Implicit gender discrimination mainly exists among attractive investors and senior investors, suggesting the existence of a glass ceiling for women in the financial industry. (iii) The magnitude of implicit gender discrimination is stronger when startup founders' internal thresholds are higher, and investors need to compete for great deals. Together with Zhang(2020), this paper completes an experimental system that identifies gender discrimination on both the investor side and startup side in the US entrepreneurial finance system. Built on this experimental evidences, we provide a theoretical framework to explain several novel findings in recent experiments and how this two-sided gender discrimination can lead to a long-lasting low participation rate for women in the US entrepreneurial community
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| 3. |
- Feng, Xunan, et al.
(författare)
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Mixing business with politics: Political participation by entrepreneurs in China
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Banking and Finance. - : Elsevier. - 1872-6372 .- 0378-4266. ; 59, s. 220-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study how Chinese private entrepreneurs benefit from participating in politics. Using original hand-collected data on listed firms controlled by private entrepreneurs, we document a significant positive relationship between political participation and subsequent change in firm performance. We also provide evidence that the change in social status cannot explain the change in performance. We then identify several ways through which firms gain preferential treatment when the controlling entrepreneur participates in politics: better access to debt financing, preferential tax treatment, more government subsidies, and superior access to regulated industries.
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| 4. |
- Feng, Xunan, et al.
(författare)
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Political participation and entrepreneurial initial public offerings in China
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0147-5967. ; 42:2, s. 269-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the economic consequences of political participation by entrepreneurs in China. Using unique data on political participation and initial public offerings by entrepreneurial firms, we find that firms controlled by entrepreneurs who participate in politics exhibit superior post-IPO performance. We also find that firms characterized by political participation are subject to less underpricing. Furthermore, the superior performance is concentrated among firms that operate in an environment characterized by rich rent-seeking opportunities instead of abundant business opportunities, suggesting that political participation is facilitating rent seeking rather than serving simply as a proxy for political recognition for entrepreneurship. © 2014 Association for Comparative Economic Studies.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Mixing business with politics : political participation by entrepreneurs in China
- 2013
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We study how Chinese private entrepreneurs benefit from participating in politics. Using original hand-collected data on listed firms controlled by private entrepreneurs, we document a significant positive relationship between political participation and change in firm performance. We also provide evidence that the change in social status cannot explain the change in performance. We then identify several ways through which firms gain preferential treatment when the controlling entrepreneur participates in politics: better access to debt financing, preferential tax treatment, more government subsidies, and superior access to regulated industries.
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| 6. |
- Silventoinen, Karri, et al.
(författare)
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Education in twins and their parents across birth cohorts over 100 years : an individual-level pooled analysis of 42 twin cohorts
- 2017
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Ingår i: Twin Research and Human Genetics. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics. - 1832-4274 .- 1839-2628.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whether monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins differ from each other in a variety of phenotypes is important for genetic twin modeling and for inferences made from twin studies in general. We analyzed whether there were differences in individual, maternal and paternal education between MZ and DZ twins in a large pooled dataset. Information was gathered on individual education for 218,362 adult twins from 27 twin cohorts (53% females; 39% MZ twins), and on maternal and paternal education for 147,315 and 143,056 twins respectively, from 28 twin cohorts (52% females; 38% MZ twins). Together, we had information on individual or parental education from 42 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. The original education classifications were transformed to education years and analyzed using linear regression models. Overall, MZ males had 0.26 (95% CI [0.21, 0.31]) years and MZ females 0.17 (95% CI [0.12, 0.21]) years longer education than DZ twins. The zygosity difference became smaller in more recent birth cohorts for both males and females. Parental education was somewhat longer for fathers of DZ twins in cohorts born in 1990-1999 (0.16 years, 95% CI [0.08, 0.25]) and 2000 or later (0.11 years, 95% CI [0.00, 0.22]), compared with fathers of MZ twins. The results show that the years of both individual and parental education are largely similar in MZ and DZ twins. We suggest that the socio-economic differences between MZ and DZ twins are so small that inferences based upon genetic modeling of twin data are not affected.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Tang, Xu, et al.
(författare)
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Net oil exports embodied in China’s international trade : An input-output analysis
- 2012
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 48:1, s. 464-471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the world’s second largest oil importer, China has been one of the important factors which affect the global oil market. In recent years, China has attained great international trade surplus through exporting a large number of “Made in China” products even during the global economic crisis. Due to direct and indirect effects in production chain, each "Made in China" product contains oil directly or indirectly. China is exporting much oil through “Made in China” products, which is not often considered even within China. An input-output model is established to calculate oil embodied in the international trade of China. The research results suggest the following: China’s net oil exports embodied in the international trade were 87.02 million tonnes in 2007; manufacture of communication equipment, computers and other electronic equipment is the largest sector to export embodied oil; United States, China Hong Kong SAR and Netherlands are the top three countries and regions which benefit most from the embodied oil in “Made in China” products. China’s adjusted degree of dependence on foreign oil is 24.9% in 2007, and 38.4% in 2011 if net oil exports embodied in international trade are considered.
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| 9. |
- Wu, Cary, et al.
(författare)
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Chinese Citizen Satisfaction with Government Performance during COVID-19
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Contemporary China. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1067-0564 .- 1469-9400. ; 30:132, s. 930-944
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While foreign pundits have alternatively blamed and praised the Chinese government’s handling of the COVID-19 virus, little is known about how citizens within China understand this performance. This article considers how satisfied Chinese citizens are with their government’s performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. It first considers the impact of authoritarian control, political culture, and/or actual government performance on citizen satisfaction. Then, it tests the consequences of satisfaction and specifically whether citizen satisfaction leads to greater trust. Analyzing data from the first post-COVID survey of its kind (n = 19,816) conducted from April 22 to 28 April 2020, the authors find that Chinese citizens have an overall high level of satisfaction, but that this satisfaction drops with each lower level of government. Further, authoritarian control, political culture, and awareness of government performance all contribute to citizen satisfaction and this in turn, has enhanced public support for the Chinese government.
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