| 1. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Research. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Norm enforcement may be important for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. However, little is known about how preferred responses to norm violations vary across cultures and across domains. In a preregistered study of 57 countries (using convenience samples of 22,863 students and non-students), we measured perceptions of the appropriateness of various responses to a violation of a cooperative norm and to atypical social behaviors. Our findings highlight both cultural universals and cultural variation. We find a universal negative relation between appropriateness ratings of norm violations and appropriateness ratings of responses in the form of confrontation, social ostracism and gossip. Moreover, we find the country variation in the appropriateness of sanctions to be consistent across different norm violations but not across different sanctions. Specifically, in those countries where use of physical confrontation and social ostracism is rated as less appropriate, gossip is rated as more appropriate. Little is known about peoples preferred responses to norm violations across countries. Here, in a study of 57 countries, the authors highlight cultural similarities and differences in peoples perception of the appropriateness of norm violations.
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| 2. |
- Zhang, Haoran, et al.
(författare)
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Epidemic versus economic performances of the COVID-19 lockdown : A big data driven analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-2751 .- 1873-6084. ; 120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lockdown measures have been a “panacea” for pandemic control but also a violent “poison” for economies.Lockdown policies strongly restrict human mobility but mobility reduce does harm to economics. Governmentsmeet a thorny problem in balancing the pros and cons of lockdown policies, but lack comprehensive andquantified guides. Based on millions of financial transaction records, and billions of mobility data, we trackedspatio-temporal business networks and human daily mobility, then proposed a high-resolution two-sidedframework to assess the epidemiological performance and economic damage of different lockdown policies. Wefound that the pandemic duration under the strictest lockdown is less about two months than that under thelightest lockdown, which makes the strictest lockdown characterize both epidemiologically and economicallyefficient. Moreover, based on the two-sided model, we explored the spatial lockdown strategy. We argue thatcutting off intercity commuting is significant in both epidemiological and economical aspects, and finally helpedgovernments figure out the Pareto optimal solution set of lockdown strategy.
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| 3. |
- Zhang, Qi, et al.
(författare)
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Study on the impacts of natural gas supply cost on gas flow and infrastructure deployment in China
- 2016
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 162, s. 1385-1398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impacts of gas supply costs on interregional gas flow and gas infrastructure deployment in China are analyzed out to 2035 by using an optimization model in the present study. There two options for gas supply includes successive two-step procedures of imports or domestic productions and transportation by using infrastructures within China. Four possible supply cost scenarios are proposed considering the uncertainties of import price, domestic unconventional gas production cost and geopolitical turbulence in import source countries. The analysis results show that (1). Domestic unconventional gas production cost (wellhead price) and gas import cost (import gas price represented by CIF) are two key points to gas flow and infrastructure deployment in China; (2). The development of unconventional gas is conductive to supply cost reduction and maintenance of infrastructure deployment stability, especially to Southwest and North China regions; (3). When gas import price increases, LNG import will decrease more than pipeline import, and imported LNG will be partly replaced by pipeline import rather than domestic gas in coastal regions; (4). The disruption of gassupply from Myanmar will lead to great changes of gas flow and infrastructure deployment in Southwest China regions; (5). The infrastructures are deployed according to the optimization gas flow in different scenarios.
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| 4. |
- Zhao, Ruikai, et al.
(författare)
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Techno-economic analysis of carbon capture from a coal-fired power plant integrating solar-assisted pressure-temperature swing adsorption (PTSA)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 214, s. 440-451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a techno-economic study to seek the feasibility about the proposed system that integrating solar-assisted pressure-temperature swing adsorption (PTSA) into an 800MWe coal-fired power plant. Solar energy has the potential to supply thermal energy demand for carbon capture, which can avoid the energy consumption of the traditional method such as the steam extraction. The performance of the proposed system is largely affected by the climatic conditions and solar collector's types. The assessment criteria include carbon emission intensity (CEO, levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and cost of CO2 avoidance (COA). By the parametric analysis, the results show that CEI of the novel system with solar thermal collectors is approximately 2g/kWh lower than that of the referenced power plant with CO2 adsorption capture. In addition, CEI of the novel system can be further decrease with the decline of desorption temperature, adsorption pressure and desorption pressure. For the sake of lower LCOE and COA, the prices of the power plant capacity, adsorbents and solar collectors should be reduced. Specifically, LCOE of the system with evacuated tube collector will be lower than that of the reference system with CO2 capture as the price of solar field is lower than 46.08 USD/m2.
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| 5. |
- Zhao, Ruikai, et al.
(författare)
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Thermodynamic exploration of temperature vacuum swing adsorption for direct air capture of carbon dioxide in buildings
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 183, s. 418-426
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abrupt climate change such as the loss of Arctic sea-ice area urgently needs negative emissions technologies. The potential application of direct air capture of carbon dioxide from indoor air and outdoor air in closed buildings or crowded places has been discussed in this paper. From the aspects of carbon reduction and indoor comfort, the ventilation system integrating a capture device is of great value in practical use. For ultra-dilute carbon dioxide sources, many traditional separation processes have no cost advantages, but adsorption technologies such as temperature vacuum swing adsorption is one of suitable methods. Thermodynamic exploration has been investigated regarding minimum separation work and second-law efficiency at various concentrations in the air. The influence of concentration, adsorption temperature, desorption temperature and desorption pressure on the energy efficiency has also been evaluated. Results show that the minimum separation work for the level of 400 ppm is approximately 20 kJ/mol. The optimal second-law efficiencies are 44.57%, 37.55% and 31.60%, respectively for 3000 ppm, 2000 ppm and 1000 ppm. It means that a high energy-efficiency capture device in buildings merits attention in the exploration of the possibility of approaching negative carbon buildings.
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| 6. |
- Bai, Fan, et al.
(författare)
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Application of similarity theory in modeling the output characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cell
- 2021
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 46:74, s. 36940-36953
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) has attracted widespread interest. In the present work, similarity analysis is adopted for a three-dimensional single-phase isothermal model of PEMFC to derive similarity criteria. Seven kinds of input criteria (Pi(1) similar to Pi(7)) are obtained, relevant to the fluid flow, pressure drop, flow resistance in a porous medium, activity loss, diffusion mass transfer, convective mass transfer and ohmic loss in PEMFC respectively. Dimensionless voltage and dimensionless current density are defined as two output criteria. Numerical verifications show that if the seven criteria keep their individual values with their components vary in a wide range, the dimensionless polarization curves keep the same with a deviation about 1%, showing the validity and feasibility of the present analysis. From the effect on the dimensionless polarization curve, sensibility analysis shows that the seven criteria can be divided into three categories: strong (Pi(4) and Pi(7), -94.9% similar to +349.2%), mild to minor (Pi(5) and Pi(6), -4.5% similar to +5.0%), and negligible (Pi(1), Pi(2) and Pi(3), -1.2% similar to +1.1%). The similarity analysis approach can greatly save computation time in modeling the output characteristics of PEMFC. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC.
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| 7. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, et al.
(författare)
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Economic optimization of photovoltaic water pumping systems for irrigation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 95, s. 32-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photovoltaic water pumping technology is considered as a sustainable and economical solution to provide water for irrigation, which can halt grassland degradation and promote farmland conservation in China. The appropriate design and operation significantly depend on the available solar irradiation, crop water demand, water resources and the corresponding benefit from the crop sale. In this work, a novel optimization procedure is proposed, which takes into consideration not only the availability of ground-water resources and the effect of water supply on crop yield, but also the investment cost of photovoltaic water pumping system and the revenue from crop sale. A simulation model, which combines the dynamics of photovoltaic water pumping system, groundwater level, water supply, crop water demand and crop yield, is employed during the optimization. To prove the effectiveness of the new optimization approach, it has been applied to an existing photovoltaic water pumping system. Results show that the optimal configuration can guarantee continuous operations and lead to a substantial reduction of photovoltaic array size and consequently of the investment capital cost and the payback period. Sensitivity studies have been conducted to investigate the impacts of the prices of photovoltaic modules and forage on the optimization. Results show that the water resource is a determinant factor.
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| 8. |
- Chen, S., et al.
(författare)
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Investment decision on shallow geothermal heating & cooling based on compound options model : A case study of China
- 2019
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developing shallow geothermal energy is expected to play an important role to supply affordable, clean and reliable heating by many countries in the world. However, the development is mainly hindered by the high upfront investment costs and various risks involved in the exploration, construction and operation phases. The present study proposed a compound options model to explore the optimal investment timing and value based on the consideration of both investment and operational flexibilities. The Least Square Monte Carlo and Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods were employed in the model to find the solutions. A case study was carried out for China, and five scenarios were simulated to understand the effects of different policies including subsidy, carbon trading mechanism, preferential taxation and preferential electricity price. The obtained results show that, (i) the incentive policies are essential for the development of shallow geothermal energy, which can attract more investment before 2030; (ii) the government is suggested to carry out a preferential electricity price for shallow geothermal development, rather than increase the subsidy; (iii) the application of compound options method increases the investment value in all five scenarios, but its impact on investment timing varies.
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| 9. |
- Chen, S., et al.
(författare)
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Study on the Oil Import/Export Quota Allocation Mechanism in China by Using a Dynamic Game-Theoretic Model
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1876-6102. ; 105, s. 3856-3861
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the rapid progress of oil market reform in China, independent refineries (small companies) get more and more oil import/export quotas, which will bring big impacts on the whole market and society. However, whether the impacts are positive or negative is highly dependent on the quota allocation mechanism and prices in global/domestic market markets. Therefore, in the present study, considering the game relationships among the six agents including state-owned companies, independent refineries, domestic and foreign oil product consumers, and domestic and foreign crude oil producers, in order to calculate the detailed impacts, a game-theoretic analysis model was developed. The impacts of different quota mechanism are analyzed and compared, and the optimal quota mechanism in different price scenarios is obtained based on the developed model.
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| 10. |
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