| 1. |
- Liu, Qiang, et al.
(author)
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Effect of cooling rate and Ti addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties in as-cast condition of hypereutectic high chromium cast irons
- 2012
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In: ISIJ International. - : Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 52:12, s. 2210-2219
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of cooling rate and Ti additions on the mechanical properties and carbides characteristics such as morphology, size distribution and composition was studied in high-chromium cast irons containing Fe-17 mass%Cr-4 mass%C. Based on the size distribution, composition and morphology, M 7C3 type carbides were roughly classified into "primary M7C3 carbides" and "eutectic M7C3 carbides" with a 11.2μ m border size. Thereafter, the change of the solidification structure and especially the refinement of carbides size were determined. It was found that both the size and number values should be summarized systematically for primary M 7C3 carbides and eutectic M7C3 carbides, respectively. Also, TiC carbides with a high formation temperature can not only act as a nuclei of M7C3 carbides, but they also contain a Ti(C, N) core. In the as-cast condition, the bulk hardness of the cast irons increases with an increased Ti content. In addition, the wear loss increases with an increased Ti content. Neither the bulk hardness nor the wear loss did change too much with an increased cooling rate.
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| 2. |
- Liu, Qiang, et al.
(author)
-
Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-alloyed hypereutectic high chromium cast iron
- 2012
-
In: ISIJ International. - : Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 52:12, s. 2288-2294
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-alloyed hypereutectic High Chromium Cast Iron (HCCI) containing Fe-17 mass%Cr-4 mass%C-1.5 mass%Ti was investigated. The size distribution and the volume fraction of carbides (M7C3 and TiC) as well as the matrix structure (martensite) were examined by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). It was found that the number of fine secondary M7C3 carbides with a size below 1 μm increases with lower holding temperatures and shorter holding times during heat treatment. The number of coarse primary M7C 3 carbides with a size above 11.2 μm increases with increasing holding temperatures and longer holding times. In addition, the number of TiC carbides increases with increasing holding times, and martensite units are more refined at longer holding times and lower holding temperatures, respectively. Moreover, the volume fraction of martensite increases with increased holding times. In conclusion, low holding temperatures close to the eutectic temperature and long holding times are the best heat treatment strategies in order to improve wear resistance and hardness of Ti-alloyed hypereutectic HCCI.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Zhang, Hongwei, et al.
(author)
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Partial Equilibrium Prediction of Solidification and Carbide Precipitation in Ti-added High Cr Cast Irons
- 2014
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In: ISIJ International. - : Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 54:2, s. 374-383
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Carbide precipitation and eutectic phase transformation during solidification of Fe-C-Cr-Ti-Mn-Mo-Ni-Si Ti-added high-chromium cast irons (HCCIs) were studied numerically and experimentally by the help of Partial Equilibrium approximation, DSC thermal analyses and EDX analyses. The main carbides formed during the solidification are distinguished as MC, primary M7C3 and eutectic M7C3 from their distinguished constitution, while other researchers didn't distinguish the primary and eutectic M7C3 carbide. Through comparing the prediction of Partial Equilibrium approximation with DSC thermal analysis measurement, the precipitation sequence of the eutectic structure in HCCIs is clarified to follow the sequence of FCC prior to the eutectic M7C3, although they were usually expected to precipitate simultaneously. The hardness index of the HCCIs is evaluated quantatively by summation of the contributions of the Vickers hardness of MC, primary M7C3 and eutectic M7C3 carbides with predicted precipitation amount and composition / constitution. The effects of C, Ti and Cr contents on the precipitation sequence, the amount and the composition of carbides as well as the hardness of the HCCIs are discussed deeply. Finally, the validity of Partial Equilibrium approximation is shown in prediction of the solidification in multicomponent system with large amount of precipitated carbides.
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| 5. |
- Liu, Tie, et al.
(author)
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Effects of high magnetic fields on solidification microstructure of Al-Si alloys
- 2011
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In: Journal of Materials Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 46:6, s. 1628-1634
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effects of high magnetic fields on the solidification microstructure of Al-Si alloys were investigated. Al-7.2 wt%Si and Al-11.8 wt%Si alloys were solidified in various high magnetic fields at different cooling rates. The secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) of the primary Al dendrites and the lamellar spacing (LS) of the eutectics were measured. It was found that the application of a high magnetic field could decrease the SDAS of the primary Al dendrites in Al-7.2 wt% Si alloys and the LS of the eutectics in Al-11.8 wt% Si alloys. The effects of the high magnetic field on the SDAS decreased with increasing cooling rate. The decrease in the SDAS and LS can be attributed to the decrease of the solute diffusivity in the liquid ahead of the solid/liquid interface during the growth of the dendrite and eutectic. This decrease is caused by the high magnetic field which can damp the convection and avoid its contributions to the diffusion.
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| 6. |
- Zhang, Hongwei, et al.
(author)
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Prediction of Solidification Microstructure and Columnar-to-equiaxed Transition of Al-Si Alloy by Two-dimensional Cellular Automaton with "Decentred Square" Growth Algorithm
- 2009
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In: ISIJ International. - : Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 49:7, s. 1000-1009
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A Cellular Automaton (CA)-Finite Difference (FD) coupling model was developed to analyze the evolution of solidification microstructure and the columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET) in AI-Si alloy. Kobayashi's microsegregation equation was adopted to describe the solute diffusion in solid phase, and a "decentred square" growth algorithm with coordinate transformation was performed to describe the grain growth and the entrapment of neighbor cells. Through the examination on the effects of operation parameters and nucleation parameters on solidification morphologies, it was found that the length of columnar grains is controlled by the dendrite tip growth kinetics, and that the width of columnar grains is controlled by the implicit relationship between nucleation density and cooling rate at ingot surface. It was also found that the size of equiaxed grains is controlled by the competition of the nucleation and the grain growth. With the controllability of nucleation density in the bulk of liquid for equiaxed grain size, the nucleant and the nucleation density in actual AI-Si alloy were estimated. Both of the CET criteria based on the solidification path by CA-FD coupling model and the one based on the curves of critical temperature gradient conditions by Hunt's model were strongly dependent on nucleation undercooling and Si concentration. A good agreement was obtained between these two.
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