| 1. |
- Chalmers, J. R., et al.
(författare)
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Report from the fourth international consensus meeting to harmonize core outcome measures for atopic eczema/dermatitis clinical trials (HOME initiative)
- 2016
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 175:1, s. 69-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is a report of the fourth meeting of the Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema (HOME) initiative held in Malmo, Sweden on 23-24 April 2015 (HOME IV). The aim of the meeting was to achieve consensus over the preferred outcome instruments for measuring patient-reported symptoms and quality of life for the HOME core outcome set for atopic eczema (AE). Following presentations, which included data from systematic reviews, consensus discussions were held in a mixture of whole group and small group discussions. Small groups were allocated a priori to ensure representation of different stakeholders and countries. Decisions were voted on using electronic keypads. For the patient-reported symptoms, the group agreed by vote that itch, sleep loss, dryness, redness/inflamed skin and irritated skin were all considered essential aspects of AE symptoms. Many instruments for capturing patient-reported symptoms were discussed [ including the Patient-Oriented SCOring Atopic Dermatitis index, Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), Self-Administered Eczema Area and Severity Index, Itch Severity Scale, Atopic Dermatitis Quickscore and the Nottingham Eczema Severity Score] and, by consensus, POEM was selected as the preferred instrument to measure patient-reported symptoms. Further work is needed to determine the reliability and measurement error of POEM. Further work is also required to establish the importance of pain/soreness and the importance of collecting information regarding the intensity of symptoms in addition to their frequency. Much of the discussion on quality of life concerned the Dermatology Life Quality Index and Quality of Life Index for Atopic Dermatitis; however, consensus on a preferred instrument for measuring this domain could not be reached. In summary, POEM is recommended as the HOME core outcome instrument for measuring AE symptoms.
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| 2. |
- Deng, Shuiguang, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamical Resource Allocation in Edge for Trustable Internet-of-Things Systems : A Reinforcement Learning Method
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 16:9, s. 6103-6113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Edge computing (EC) is now emerging as a key paradigm to handle the increasing Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices connected to the edge of the network. By using the services deployed on the service provisioning system which is made up of edge servers nearby, these IoT devices are enabled to fulfill complex tasks effectively. Nevertheless, it also brings challenges in trustworthiness management. The volatile environment will make it difficult to comply with the service-level agreement (SLA), which is an important index of trustworthiness declared by these IoT services. In this article, by denoting the trustworthiness gain with how well the SLA can comply, we first encode the state of the service provisioning system and the resource allocation scheme and model the adjustment of allocated resources for services as a Markov decision process (MDP). Based on these, we get a trained resource allocating policy with the help of the reinforcement learning (RL) method. The trained policy can always maximize the services' trustworthiness gain by generating appropriate resource allocation schemes dynamically according to the system states. By conducting a series of experiments on the YouTube request dataset, we show that the edge service provisioning system using our approach has 21.72% better performance at least compared to baselines.
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| 3. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 4. |
- Liu, H., et al.
(författare)
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Formation and autocatalytic nucleation of co-zone {101¯2} deformation twins in polycrystalline Mg : A phase field simulation study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 153, s. 86-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A phase-field model is developed to study the formation and autocatalytic nucleation of {101¯2} twins in polycrystalline Mg. The twins are found to nucleate most favourably in grains with the most negative interaction energy. Within such grains, the energetically most favoured nucleation site is determined by stresses concentrated near the grain boundaries that are related to the elastic anisotropy of the material. Furthermore, in a structure consisting of three lamellar grains with an incoming twin in the central grain, the simulation results show that before autocatalytic nucleation, the incoming twin often has a lenticular shape. The stress field around the tip of the incoming twin plays the major role in the autocatalytic nucleation. After a twin has nucleated in the neighbouring grain, the incoming and the outgoing twins evolve simultaneously, and the shape of the incoming twin gradually changes from lenticular to parallel-sided plate. Under the condition that the crystallographic orientation of the central grain and the applied strain remains unchanged, the driving force for twin nucleation decreases with increasing misorientation (up to 90°) across the grain boundary. It is further derived that the interaction energy values between the pre-existing stress field of the polycrystalline structure and the eigenstrain of the to-be-nucleated twin is mathematically related to the resolved shear stress of twins. © 2018 Acta Materialia Inc.
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