| 1. |
- Xiao, K., et al.
(författare)
-
Crab bioturbation drives coupled iron-phosphate-sulfide cycling in mangrove and salt marsh soils
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Geoderma. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-7061. ; 424
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coastal wetlands sequestering abundant blue carbon in soils are biogeochemical hotspots and critical habitats for benthic animals like invertebrate fiddler crabs. Here, we reveal how crab bioturbation (i.e., burrowing activity) drives the redox geochemistry of ferrous iron (Fe(II)), phosphate (PO43-), and sulfide (S(-II)) under contrasting vegetation types and hydrological conditions. We used in-situ approaches of diffusive gradients in thin films to perform detailed mm-scale burrow observations in two subtropical wetlands with a vegetation gradient of mudflat-salt marsh-mangrove. Burrow flushing caused a top-down hydrologic connectivity through the crab burrows and thus created a deep depth for the occurrence of Fe(III) reduction and sulfate reduction which were accompanied by P mobilization. The burrow oxidation zone, indicated by lower concentrations of Fe(II), PO43- and S(-II), were shallower in mudflats and salt marshes than in mangroves due to the unique respiratory roots of mangrove plants. The redox of Fe(II), PO(4)(3-)and S(-II) in crab burrow was insensitive to the convection flow induced input of dissolved oxygen through the surrounding soil matrix, indicating the burrow soil is an independent microenvironment. Crab burrowing activities favored Fe-S coupling which is conductive the formation of pyrite and alkalinity generation. Overall, our in-situ high-resolution observations and porewater hydraulic dynamics revealed spatially variable soil geochemistry, active coupled cycling of Fe-P-S in crab burrows, and mm-scale hotspots of redox cycling within burrows.
|
|
| 2. |
- Chen, Wenbo, et al.
(författare)
-
The draft genome of whitefly Bemisia tabaci MEAM1, a global crop pest, provides novel insights into virus transmission, host adaptation, and insecticide resistance
- 2016
-
Ingår i: BMC Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1741-7007. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is among the 100 worst invasive species in the world. As one of the most important crop pests and virus vectors, B. tabaci causes substantial crop losses and poses a serious threat to global food security. Results: We report the 615-Mb high-quality genome sequence of B. tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1), the first genome sequence in the Aleyrodidae family, which contains 15,664 protein-coding genes. The B. tabaci genome is highly divergent from other sequenced hemipteran genomes, sharing no detectable synteny. A number of known detoxification gene families, including cytochrome P450s and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, are significantly expanded in B. tabaci. Other expanded gene families, including cathepsins, large clusters of tandemly duplicated B. tabaci-specific genes, and phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs), were found to be associated with virus acquisition and transmission and/or insecticide resistance, likely contributing to the global invasiveness and efficient virus transmission capacity of B. tabaci. The presence of 142 horizontally transferred genes from bacteria or fungi in the B. tabaci genome, including genes encoding hopanoid/sterol synthesis and xenobiotic detoxification enzymes that are not present in other insects, offers novel insights into the unique biological adaptations of this insect such as polyphagy and insecticide resistance. Interestingly, two adjacent bacterial pantothenate biosynthesis genes, panB and panC, have been co-transferred into B. tabaci and fused into a single gene that has acquired introns during its evolution. Conclusions: The B. tabaci genome contains numerous genetic novelties, including expansions in gene families associated with insecticide resistance, detoxification and virus transmission, as well as numerous horizontally transferred genes from bacteria and fungi. We believe these novelties likely have shaped B. tabaci as a highly invasive polyphagous crop pest and efficient vector of plant viruses. The genome serves as a reference for resolving the B. tabaci cryptic species complex, understanding fundamental biological novelties, and providing valuable genetic information to assist the development of novel strategies for controlling whiteflies and the viruses they transmit.
|
|
| 3. |
- Tao, Feng, et al.
(författare)
-
Microbial carbon use efficiency promotes global soil carbon storage
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 618:7967, s. 981-985
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soils store more carbon than other terrestrial ecosystems. How soil organic carbon (SOC) forms and persists remains uncertain, which makes it challenging to understand how it will respond to climatic change. It has been suggested that soil microorganisms play an important role in SOC formation, preservation and loss. Although microorganisms affect the accumulation and loss of soil organic matter through many pathways, microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) is an integrative metric that can capture the balance of these processes. Although CUE has the potential to act as a predictor of variation in SOC storage, the role of CUE in SOC persistence remains unresolved. Here we examine the relationship between CUE and the preservation of SOC, and interactions with climate, vegetation and edaphic properties, using a combination of global-scale datasets, a microbial-process explicit model, data assimilation, deep learning and meta-analysis. We find that CUE is at least four times as important as other evaluated factors, such as carbon input, decomposition or vertical transport, in determining SOC storage and its spatial variation across the globe. In addition, CUE shows a positive correlation with SOC content. Our findings point to microbial CUE as a major determinant of global SOC storage. Understanding the microbial processes underlying CUE and their environmental dependence may help the prediction of SOC feedback to a changing climate.
|
|
