| 1. |
- Abdallah, Waleed, et al.
(författare)
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Reinterpretation of LHC results for new physics: Status and recommendations after run 2
- 2020
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Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - 2542-4653. ; 9:2, s. 1-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the status of efforts to improve the reinterpretation of searches and measurements at the LHC in terms of models for new physics, in the context of the LHC Reinterpretation Forum. We detail current experimental offerings in direct searches for new particles, measurements, technical implementations and Open Data, and provide a set of recommendations for further improving the presentation of LHC results in order to better enable reinterpretation in the future. We also provide a brief description of existing software reinterpretation frameworks and recent global analyses of new physics that make use of the current data. © 2020 SciPost Foundation. All right reserved
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| 2. |
- Accettura, Carlotta, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a muon collider
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 83:9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A muon collider would enable the big jump ahead in energy reach that is needed for a fruitful exploration of fundamental interactions. The challenges of producing muon collisions at high luminosity and 10 TeV centre of mass energy are being investigated by the recently-formed International Muon Collider Collaboration. This Review summarises the status and the recent advances on muon colliders design, physics and detector studies. The aim is to provide a global perspective of the field and to outline directions for future work.
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| 3. |
- Alimena, Juliette, et al.
(författare)
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Searching for long-lived particles beyond the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 47:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Particles beyond the Standard Model (SM) can generically have lifetimes that are long compared to SM particles at the weak scale. When produced at experiments such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, these long-lived particles (LLPs) can decay far from the interaction vertex of the primary proton-proton collision. Such LLP signatures are distinct from those of promptly decaying particles that are targeted by the majority of searches for new physics at the LHC, often requiring customized techniques to identify, for example, significantly displaced decay vertices, tracks with atypical properties, and short track segments. Given their non-standard nature, a comprehensive overview of LLP signatures at the LHC is beneficial to ensure that possible avenues of the discovery of new physics are not overlooked. Here we report on the joint work of a community of theorists and experimentalists with the ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb experiments-as well as those working on dedicated experiments such as MoEDAL, milliQan, MATHUSLA, CODEX-b, and FASER-to survey the current state of LLP searches at the LHC, and to chart a path for the development of LLP searches into the future, both in the upcoming Run 3 and at the high-luminosity LHC. The work is organized around the current and future potential capabilities of LHC experiments to generally discover new LLPs, and takes a signature-based approach to surveying classes of models that give rise to LLPs rather than emphasizing any particular theory motivation. We develop a set of simplified models; assess the coverage of current searches; document known, often unexpected backgrounds; explore the capabilities of proposed detector upgrades; provide recommendations for the presentation of search results; and look towards the newest frontiers, namely high-multiplicity 'dark showers', highlighting opportunities for expanding the LHC reach for these signals.
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| 4. |
- Belyaev, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Probing dark matter with disappearing tracks at the LHC
- 2021
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 2470-0010. ; 103:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Models where dark matter is a part of an electroweak multiplet feature charged particles with macroscopic lifetimes due to the charged-neutral mass split of the order of pion mass. At the Large Hadron Collider, the ATLAS and CMS experiments will identify these charged particles as disappearing tracks, since they decay into a massive invisible dark matter candidate and a very soft charged Standard-Model particle, which fails to pass the reconstruction requirements. While ATLAS and CMS have focused on the supersymmetric versions of these scenarios, we have performed here the reinterpretation of the latest ATLAS disappearing track search for a suite of dark matter multiplets with different spins and electroweak quantum numbers. More concretely, we consider the cases of the inert two Higgs doublet, minimal fermion dark matter and vector triplet dark matter models. Our procedure is validated by using the same wino and Higgsino benchmark models employed by the ATLAS Collaboration. We have found that with the disappearing track signature, one can probe a vast portion of the parameter space, well beyond the reach of prompt missing energy searches (notably monojets). We provide tables with the upper limits on the cross section and efficiencies in the lifetime - a dark matter mass plane for all the models under consideration, which can be used for an easy recast for similar classes of models. Moreover, we provide the recasting code employed here, as part of the public LLP recasting repository.
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| 5. |
- Cerdá, Salvador, et al.
(författare)
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A study of knock and adiabatic process in multi-fuel engines
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 108:5, s. 2594-2595
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For both engine designers and control purposes, a better understanding of the knocking that occurs during combustion in engines can lead to optimal decisions which will make engines operate more efficiently. The rapid rise in diesel engines is recognized as an audible impulse noise, which is known as ``knock.'' The knock is caused by the spontaneous combustion of a significant volume of fuel/air mixture. The knock produces shock waves within the combustion chamber and results in a great number of combustion chamber resonance frequencies. The engine used in the experiments was a six-cylinder modified diesel engine running in ethanol conditions. The main purpose of this research is to determine the knock phenomena and the adiabatic process. To perform the data analysis a time-frequency spectral approach was used. The results revealed both radial and circumferential resonances. The most important adiabatic coefficients were carried out and used to calculate the heat release rate.
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| 6. |
- Hanna, Catherine R., et al.
(författare)
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Three Versus Six Months of Adjuvant Doublet Chemotherapy for Patients With Colorectal Cancer : A Multi-Country Cost-Effectiveness and Budget Impact Analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical colorectal cancer. - : Elsevier. - 1533-0028. ; 20:3, s. 236-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study widens the transferability of cost-utility results from the SCOT trial showing that administering 3 months of adjuvant, oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy is cost-effective and cost saving compared to 6 months from the perspective of all countries recruited to SCOT. The impact on healthcare budgets if the findings are implemented as predicted will amount to savings of at least US$150 million over 5 years. Background: The Short Course Oncology Treatment (SCOT) trial demonstrated non-inferiority, less toxicity, and cost-effectiveness from a UK perspective of 3 versus 6 months of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy for patients with colorectal cancer. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of shorter treatment and the budget impact of implementing trial findings from the perspectives of all countries recruited to SCOT: Australia, Denmark, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Patients and Methods: Individual cost-utility analyses were performed from the perspective of each country. Resource, quality of life, and survival estimates from the SCOT trial (N = 6065) were used. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis and subgroup analyses were undertaken. Using undiscounted costs from these cost-utility analyses, the impact on country-specific healthcare budgets of implementing the SCOT trial findings was calculated over a 5-year period. The currency used was US dollars (US$), and 2019 was the base year. One-way and scenario sensitivity analysis addressed uncertainty within the budget impact analysis. Results: Three months of treatment were cost saving and cost-effective compared to 6 months from the perspective of all countries. The incremental net monetary benefit per patient ranged from US$8972 (Spain) to US$13,884 (Denmark). The healthcare budget impact over 5 years for the base-case scenario ranged from US$3.6 million (New Zealand) to US$61.4 million (UK) and totaled over US$150 million across all countries. Conclusion: This study has widened the transferability of results from the SCOT trial, showing that shorter treatment is cost-effective from a multi-country perspective. The vast savings from implementation could fully justify the investment in conducting the SCOT trial.
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| 7. |
- Robles-Zurita, Jose, et al.
(författare)
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SCOT : a comparison of cost-effectiveness from a large randomised phase III trial of two durations of adjuvant Oxaliplatin combination chemotherapy for colorectal cancer
- 2018
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 119:11, s. 1332-1338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Short Course Oncology Therapy (SCOT) study is an international, multicentre, non-inferiority randomised controlled trial assessing the efficacy, toxicity, and cost-effectiveness of 3 months (3 M) versus the usually given 6 months (6 M) of adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.METHODS: In total, 6088 patients with fully resected high-risk stage II or stage III colorectal cancer were randomised and followed up for 3-8 years. The within-trial cost-effectiveness analysis from a UK health-care perspective is presented using the resource use data, quality of life (EQ-5D-3L), time on treatment (ToT), disease-free survival after treatment (DFS) and overall survival (OS) data. Quality-adjusted partitioned survival analysis and Kaplan-Meier Sample Average Estimator estimated QALYs and costs. Probabilistic sensitivity and subgroup analysis was undertaken.RESULTS: The 3M arm is less costly (-4881; pound 95% CI: -6269; pound -3492) pound and entails (non-significant) QALY gains (0.08; 95% CI: -0.086; 0.230) due to a better significant quality of life. The net monetary benefit was significantly higher in 3M under a wide range of monetary values of a QALY. The subgroup analysis found similar results for patients in the CAPOX regimen. However, for the FOLFOX regimen, 3M had lower QALYs than 6M (not statistically significant).CONCLUSIONS: Overall, 3M dominates 6M with no significant detrimental impact on QALYs. The results provide the economic case that a 3M treatment strategy should be considered a new standard of care.
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| 8. |
- Romero, Jose, et al.
(författare)
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Multivariate analysis of road traffic noise in Gandia (Spain) during 24 hours and its evolution in the last decades
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 103:5, s. 3003-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Road traffic noise is one of the most widespread and growing problems in urban areas. While it has long been known that hearing can be damaged by exposure to noise, it is also believed that continual noise, even at low or moderate intensity, can cause psychological discomfort and sleep disorders. Traffic noise levels in urban areas are increasing, and the areas affected by noise are spreading. As a result of these problems, legislation has been introduced by the city council to control the noise produced by individual vehicles with the aim of eventually producing traffic noise levels which are acceptable to the public. In this paper, therefore, aspects which connect the evolution of the road traffic noise in the last decades and the development of the infrastructure of the city are discussed. The study was carried out in Gandia (Spain), which is situated on the East Coast of the country, 65 kms from Valencia and 100 kms from Benidorn. The population has increased from 50 000 to 60 000 in the last 15 years, and the traffic distribution of the city has changed during this time, with a new bridge and some highways around the urban area. The main objective of this paper is to characterize the effects of the road traffic noise during 24 h (between 1983 and 1997), and including such aspects as traffic density and psychological aspects. The analysis part was performed by using multivariate analysis methods (MVA). Multivariate analysis methods can be used to investigate relationships between all the variables by extracting information from data with many variables and treating them simultaneously.
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| 9. |
- Santangelo, James S., et al.
(författare)
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Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural dines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.
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| 10. |
- Zurita, Adriana, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-objective optimal design of solar power plants with storage systems according to dispatch strategy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents a comprehensive analysis evaluating the impact of the dispatch strategy on the optimal design configurations of different combinations of solar power plants with storage. The analysis considers four dispatch profiles (baseload, daylight, night, and daylight and evening), and four technology combinations including a solar PV plant with batteries, a CSP plant with Thermal Storage (TES), a hybrid CSP-PV plant with TES, and a hybrid CSP-PV plant with TES and batteries. Two locations with high and moderate levels of DNI were selected and cost scenarios for 2020 and 2030 were considered. The aim is to determine the competitiveness ranges of each technology combination and establishing the least-cost technological option that allows meeting a dispatch strategy with a certain level of supply guarantee. A multi-objective optimization approach was followed to obtain the trade-off curves that minimize the LCOE and maximize the sufficiency factor in terms of the nominal size of the PV plant, solar multiple, TES size, batteries capacity, and inverter power rate. Results of this work allow determining the influence of the dispatch strategy on the competitiveness of these storage-integrated technology options, giving relevant information concerning under which conditions one technology combination is preferable over another.
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