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Biodiversity at multiple trophic levels is needed for ecosystem multifunctionality

Soliveres, Santiago (author)
University of Bern
Van Der Plas, Fons (author)
University of Bern,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre
Manning, Peter (author)
Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre,University of Bern
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Prati, Daniel (author)
University of Bern
Gossner, Martin M. (author)
Friedrich Schiller University Jena,Technical University of Munich
Renner, Swen C. (author)
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna,Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute
Alt, Fabian (author)
University of Tübingen
Arndt, Hartmut (author)
University of Cologne
Baumgartner, Vanessa (author)
Leibniz Institute German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ)
Binkenstein, Julia (author)
Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg
Birkhofer, Klaus (author)
Lund University,Lunds universitet,Biodiversitet,Biologiska institutionen,Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten,Biodiversity,Department of Biology,Faculty of Science
Blaser, Stefan (author)
University of Bern
Blüthgen, Nico (author)
Technical University of Darmstadt
Boch, Steffen (author)
University of Bern
Böhm, Stefan (author)
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
Börschig, Carmen (author)
University of Göttingen
Buscot, Francois (author)
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ),German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)
Diekötter, Tim (author)
University of Kiel
Heinze, Johannes (author)
Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research,University of Potsdam
Hölzel, Norbert (author)
University of Münster
Jung, Kirsten (author)
University of Ulm
Klaus, Valentin H. (author)
University of Münster
Kleinebecker, Till (author)
University of Münster
Klemmer, Sandra (author)
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ)
Krauss, Jochen (author)
Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg
Lange, Markus (author)
Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry,Technical University of Munich,Friedrich Schiller University Jena
Morris, E. Kathryn (author)
Xavier University Cincinnati,Free University of Berlin
Müller, Jörg (author)
University of Potsdam
Oelmann, Yvonne (author)
University of Tübingen
Overmann, Jörg (author)
Leibniz Institute German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ)
Pašalić, Esther (author)
Friedrich Schiller University Jena,Technical University of Munich
Rillig, Matthias C. (author)
Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research,Free University of Berlin
Schaefer, H. Martin (author)
Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg
Schloter, Michael (author)
Helmholtz Zentrum München
Schmitt, Barbara (author)
University of Bern
Schöning, Ingo (author)
Friedrich Schiller University Jena,Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
Schrumpf, Marion (author)
Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
Sikorski, Johannes (author)
Leibniz Institute German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ)
Socher, Stephanie A. (author)
University of Salzburg
Solly, Emily F. (author)
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research,Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
Sonnemann, Ilja (author)
Free University of Berlin
Sorkau, Elisabeth (author)
University of Tübingen
Steckel, Juliane (author)
Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg
Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf (author)
Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg
Stempfhuber, Barbara (author)
Helmholtz Zentrum München
Tschapka, Marco (author)
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,University of Ulm
Türke, Manfred (author)
Leipzig University,Technical University of Munich,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv),Friedrich Schiller University Jena
Venter, Paul C. (author)
University of Cologne
Weiner, Christiane N. (author)
Technical University of Darmstadt
Weisser, Wolfgang W. (author)
Technical University of Munich,Friedrich Schiller University Jena
Werner, Michael (author)
Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg
Westphal, Catrin (author)
University of Göttingen
Wilcke, Wolfgang (author)
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Wolters, Volkmar (author)
Justus Liebig University Giessen
Wubet, Tesfaye (author)
German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv),Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ)
Wurst, Susanne (author)
Free University of Berlin
Fischer, Markus (author)
University of Bern,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre
Allan, Eric (author)
University of Bern
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 (creator_code:org_t)
2016-08-17
2016
English 4 s.
In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 536:7617, s. 456-459
Related links:
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  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)
Abstract Subject headings
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  • Many experiments have shown that loss of biodiversity reduces the capacity of ecosystems to provide the multiple services on which humans depend. However, experiments necessarily simplify the complexity of natural ecosystems and will normally control for other important drivers of ecosystem functioning, such as the environment or land use. In addition, existing studies typically focus on the diversity of single trophic groups, neglecting the fact that biodiversity loss occurs across many taxa and that the functional effects of any trophic group may depend on the abundance and diversity of others. Here we report analysis of the relationships between the species richness and abundance of nine trophic groups, including 4,600 above- and below-ground taxa, and 14 ecosystem services and functions and with their simultaneous provision (or multifunctionality) in 150 grasslands. We show that high species richness in multiple trophic groups (multitrophic richness) had stronger positive effects on ecosystem services than richness in any individual trophic group; this includes plant species richness, the most widely used measure of biodiversity. On average, three trophic groups influenced each ecosystem service, with each trophic group influencing at least one service. Multitrophic richness was particularly beneficial for 'regulating' and 'cultural' services, and for multifunctionality, whereas a change in the total abundance of species or biomass in multiple trophic groups (the multitrophic abundance) positively affected supporting services. Multitrophic richness and abundance drove ecosystem functioning as strongly as abiotic conditions and land-use intensity, extending previous experimental results to real-world ecosystems. Primary producers, herbivorous insects and microbial decomposers seem to be particularly important drivers of ecosystem functioning, as shown by the strong and frequent positive associations of their richness or abundance with multiple ecosystem services. Our results show that multitrophic richness and abundance support ecosystem functioning, and demonstrate that a focus on single groups has led to researchers to greatly underestimate the functional importance of biodiversity.

Subject headings

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Biologi -- Ekologi (hsv//swe)
NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Biological Sciences -- Ecology (hsv//eng)
NATURVETENSKAP  -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Miljövetenskap (hsv//swe)
NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Environmental Sciences (hsv//eng)

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