| 1. |
- Falster, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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AusTraits, a curated plant trait database for the Australian flora
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Nature Portfolio. - 2052-4463. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce the AusTraits database - a compilation of values of plant traits for taxa in the Australian flora (hereafter AusTraits). AusTraits synthesises data on 448 traits across 28,640 taxa from field campaigns, published literature, taxonomic monographs, and individual taxon descriptions. Traits vary in scope from physiological measures of performance (e.g. photosynthetic gas exchange, water-use efficiency) to morphological attributes (e.g. leaf area, seed mass, plant height) which link to aspects of ecological variation. AusTraits contains curated and harmonised individual- and species-level measurements coupled to, where available, contextual information on site properties and experimental conditions. This article provides information on version 3.0.2 of AusTraits which contains data for 997,808 trait-by-taxon combinations. We envision AusTraits as an ongoing collaborative initiative for easily archiving and sharing trait data, which also provides a template for other national or regional initiatives globally to fill persistent gaps in trait knowledge.
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| 2. |
- Chartier, Marion, et al.
(författare)
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How (much) do flowers vary? Unbalanced disparity among flower functional modules and a mosaic pattern of morphospace occupation in the order Ericales
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 284:1852
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The staggering diversity of angiosperms and their flowers has fascinated scientists for centuries. However, the quantitative distribution of floral morphological diversity (disparity) among lineages and the relative contribution of functional modules (perianth, androecium and gynoecium) to total floral disparity have rarely been addressed. Focusing on a major angiosperm order (Ericales), we compiled a dataset of 37 floral traits scored for 381 extant species and nine fossils. We conducted morphospace analyses to explore phylogenetic, temporal and functional patterns of disparity. We found that the floral morphospace is organized as a continuous cloud in which most clades occupy distinct regions in a mosaic pattern, that disparity increases with clade size rather than age, and that fossils fall in a narrow portion of the space. Surprisingly, our study also revealed that among functional modules, it is the androecium that contributes most to total floral disparity in Ericales. We discuss our findings in the light of clade history, selective regimes as well as developmental and functional constraints acting on the evolution of the flower and thereby demonstrate that quantitative analyses such as the ones used here are a powerful tool to gain novel insights into the evolution and diversity of flowers.
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| 3. |
- Schönenberger, Jürg, et al.
(författare)
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Diversity and evolution of floral structure among early diverging lineages in the Ericales
- 2010
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Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 365:1539, s. 437-448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a combination of review and original data on floral structure and diversity in the two earliest diverging lineages of the Ericales, i.e. the balsaminoids, comprising Balsaminaceae, Marcgraviaceae and Tetrameristaceae, and the polemonioids, comprising Fouquieriaceae and Polemoniaceae. Each clade is strongly supported in molecular studies, while structural synapomorphies have largely been lacking. For the balsaminoid families, we compare floral morphology, anatomy and histology among selected taxa and find that the entire clade is strongly supported by the shared presence of nectariferous tissue in the floral periphery, thread-like structures on anthers, truncate stigmas, secretion in the ovary, as well as mucilage cells, raphides and tannins in floral tissues. A possible sister group relationship between Balsaminaceae and Tetrameristaceae is supported by the shared presence of post-genital fusion of filaments and ovary and a star-shaped stylar canal. For polemonioids, we document unexpected diversity of floral features in Polemoniaceae, partly providing structural links to Fouquieriaceae. Features include cochlear and quincuncial corolla aestivation, connective protrusions, ventrifixed anthers and nectariferous tissue in the base of the ovary. In addition, we outline future directions for research on floral structure in the Ericales and briefly discuss the general importance of structural studies for our understanding of plant phylogeny and evolution.
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| 4. |
- Tschan, Georg F., et al.
(författare)
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Credneria and Platanus (Platanaceae) from the Late Cretaceous (Santonian) of Quedlinburg, Germany
- 2008
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Ingår i: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-6667 .- 1879-0615. ; 152:04-mar, s. 211-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Foliage and reproductive structures of Platanaceae from the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) of Quedlinburg, Central Germany, were comparatively studied and their systematic affinities established. One type of foliage preserved in sandstone and rarely in clayish siltstone belongs to the extinct genus Credneria. The leaves are typically obovate with a pinnate-actinodromous venation and distinct suprabasal veins. In addition, a substantial number of leaves preserved in siltstone and rarely in sandstone are identical to modern Platanus based on leaf architecture and epidermal features. As in modern Platanus leaf margin and size were found to be of no systematic significance in both fossil leaf types. Further, staminate flower heads preserved as cleavage compressions in siltstone were found in association with Platanus leaves; they contain pollen that is identical to modern Platanus in size and type of tectum. In addition. a few three-dimensionally preserved staminate flower heads with ca. 50 flowers on a receptaculum are described. Each flower appears to have a two-whorled perianth and six or seven stamens. The organs of the outer perianth whorl show a distinct epidermal cell pattern different from the inner ones. All perianth organs have the same length as the stamens. Stamens are bithecate and contain pollen identical to that found in compression fossils. Pistillate heads preserved in siltstone consist of numerous achenes with persistent styles, which show close similarity to modern Platanus. It remains unclear, whether additional inflorescence heads of uncertain sex found in sandstone that are slightly larger than those preserved in siltstone belong to the leaves of Credneria. Association evidence links vegetative and reproductive structures preserved in siltstone and indicates the presence of the modern genus Platanus in the Santonian.
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| 5. |
- von Balthazar, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Floral Structure and Organization in Platanaceae
- 2009
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Ingår i: International journal of plant sciences. - : University of Chicago Press. - 1058-5893 .- 1537-5315. ; 170:2, s. 210-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developing and mature inflorescences and flowers of several representatives of Platanus were studied to clarify various aspects of floral structure and organization. Special attention was given to perianth differentiation. Extant Platanaceae are monoecious with unisexual flowers aggregated into compact, spherical inflorescence heads. Development of hairs in a basipetal direction subdivides the undifferentiated inflorescence surface into floral zones. Development of both male and female flowers of Platanus 3 hispanica begins with the initiation of a perianth whorl. Thereafter, the reproductive organs emerge on the floral apex: stamens in male flowers, staminodes and carpels in female flowers. The last organs to appear in both sexes are the small organs located between perianth and androecium. At anthesis, in both male and female flowers, organs of the first whorl are inconspicuous, scalelike, and only two to three cell layers thick. Alternating with these first thin organs is a whorl of short but fleshy organs. These second-whorl organs are basally united with the stamens, forming a short androecial tube. They also show some structural similarities with stamens. These features support the hypothesis that the second-whorl organs are of androecial (staminodial) origin. This hypothesis is further supported by the fossil record, where, in some taxa, second-whorl organs are particularly similar to stamens, as well as by morphological comparisons with flowers of Proteaceae.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- von Balthazar, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Oliniaceae
- 2007
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Ingår i: The families and genera of vascular plants. - : Springer, Berlin. ; , s. 260-264
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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