| 1. |
- Bodvik, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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Aggregation and network formation of aqueous methylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose solutions.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces A : Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. - Elsevier. - 0927-7757. ; 354:1-3, s. 162-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solution properties of methylcellulose (MC) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) have been investigated as a function of temperature and concentration using a broad range of experimental techniques. Novelties include the extensive comparison between MC and HPMC solutions as well as the combination of techniques, and the use of Cryo transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM). The correlation between rheology and light scattering results clearly demonstrates the relation between viscosity change and aggregation. Cryo-TEM images show the network structures formed. Viscosity measurements show that for both MC and HPMC solutions sudden changes in viscosity occur as the temperature is increased. The onset temperature for these changes depends on polymer concentration and heating rate. For both MC and HPMC solutions the viscosity on cooling is very different compared to on heating, demonstrating the slow equilibration time. The viscosity changes in MC and HPMC solutions are dramatically different; for MC solutions the viscosity increases by several orders of magnitude when a critical temperature is reached, whereas for HPMC solutions the viscosity decreases abruptly at a given temperature, followed by an increase upon further heating. Light and (SAXS) small-angle X-ray scattering shows that the increase in viscosity, for MC as well as for HPMC solutions, is due to extensive aggregation of the polymers. Light scattering also provides information on aggregation kinetics. The SAXS measurements allow us to correlate aggregation hysteresis to the viscosity hysteresis, as well as to extract some structural information. Cryo-TEM images give novel information that a fibrillar network is formed in MC solutions, and the strong viscosity increase occurs when this network spans the whole solution volume. For HPMC solutions the behaviour is more complex. The decrease in viscosity can be related to the formation of compact objects, and the subsequent increase to formation of fibrillar structures, which are more linear and less entangled than for MC.
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| 2. |
- Adami, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking and the risk of leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma (Sweden)
- 1998
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - 0957-5243. ; 9:1, s. 49-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While several epidemiologic studies have indicated a link between smoking and the risk of developing hematolymphoproliferative cancers (chiefly leukemias, lymphomas, and multiple myelomas), in particular myeloid leukemia, the role of tobacco in the etiology of these neoplasms remains unclear. To evaluate the potential impact of tobacco use on development of leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, we conducted a cohort study of 334,957 Swedish construction workers using prospectively collected exposure-information with complete long-term follow-up. A total of 1,322 incident neoplasms occurred during the study period, 1971-91. We found no significant association between smoking status, number of cigarettes smoked, or duration of smoking and the risk of developing leukemias, lymphomas, or multiple myeloma. There was a suggestion of a positive association between smoking and the risk of developing Hodgkin's disease, although the rate ratios were not significantly elevated, except for young current smokers. No positive dose-risk trends emerged. Our study provides no evidence that smoking bears any major relationship to the occurrence of leukemias, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, or multiple myeloma.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, et al.
(författare)
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Paniksyndrom : ond cirkel av feltolkade kroppsliga signaler
- 2011
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 108:14, s. 795-797
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attacker av intensiv rädsla utan tydlig yttre orsak som leder till rädsla för nya attacker – det kännetecknar paniksyndrom. Evidensbaserade behandlingsalternativ finns, och det finns inget skäl att avvakta med behandling.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Irene, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Endothelial dysfunction in growth hormone transgenic mice
- 2006
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Ingår i: Clin Sci (Lond). - 0143-5221. ; 110:2, s. 217-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acromegaly [overproduction of GH (growth hormone)] is associated with cardiovascular disease. Transgenic mice overexpressing bGH (bovine GH) develop hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia and could be a model for cardiovascular disease in acromegaly. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of excess GH on vascular function and to test whether oxidative stress affects endothelial function in bGH transgenic mice. We studied the ACh (acetylcholine)-induced relaxation response in aortic and carotid rings of young (9-11 weeks) and aged (22-24 weeks) female bGH transgenic mice and littermate control mice, without and with the addition of a free radical scavenger {MnTBAP [Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride]}. We also measured mRNA levels of eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) and EC-SOD (extracellular superoxide dismutase). Intracellular superoxide anion production in the vascular wall was estimated using a dihydroethidium probe. Carotid arteries from bGH transgenic mice had an impaired ACh-induced relaxation response (young, 46 +/- 7% compared with 69 +/- 8%; aged, 52 +/- 5% compared with 80 +/- 3%; P < 0.05), whereas endothelial function in aorta was intact in young but impaired in aged bGH transgenic mice. Endothelial dysfunction was corrected by addition of MnTBAP in carotid arteries from young mice and in aortas from aged mice; however, MnTBAP did not correct endothelial dysfunction in carotid arteries from aged bGH transgenic mice. There was no difference in intracellular superoxide anion production between bGH transgenic mice and control mice, whereas mRNA expression of EC-SOD and eNOS was increased in aortas from young bGH transgenic mice compared with control mice (P < 0.05). We interpret these data to suggest that bGH overexpression is associated with a time- and vessel-specific deterioration in endothelial function, initially caused by increased oxidative stress and later by other alterations in vascular function.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Irene, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Increased atherosclerotic lesion area in apoE deficient mice overexpressing bovine growth hormone
- 2006
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - 0021-9150. ; 188:2, s. 331-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human growth hormone (GH) excess is linked to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, little is known about the effect of GH excess on atherosclerosis. We developed a new mouse model to assess the hypothesis that GH overexpression accelerates atherosclerotic lesion formation. apoE(-/-) mice were crossed with bovine GH (bGH) transgenic mice to yield apoE(-/-) mice overexpressing bGH (apoE(-/-)/bGH). The mice were fed either standard or Western diet. At 22 weeks, atherosclerotic lesion area of thoracic aorta was larger in apoE(-/-)/bGH mice compared with littermate apoE(-/-) mice fed either diet (standard: +161+/-50%, Western: +430+/-134%). Aortic sinus lesions were more severe in apoE(-/-)/bGH mice fed standard diet compared with littermate apoE(-/-) mice. apoE(-/-)/bGH mice had lower (VLDL+LDL)/HDL ratios compared with littermate apoE(-/-) mice, while systolic blood pressure was higher in apoE(-/-)/bGH mice, irrespective of diet. The levels of serum amyloid A and hepatic CRP mRNA were higher in apoE(-/-)/bGH mice than in littermate apoE(-/-) mice. In conclusion, this study shows that excess GH augments the development of atherosclerosis in apoE(-/-) mice. The mechanisms could be direct effects of GH on cellular processes in the vessel wall or the result of concomitant processes such as hypertension or a general inflammatory state.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Irene, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced sympathetic responsiveness as well as plasma and tissue noradrenaline concentration in growth hormone transgenic mice
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta Physiol Scand. - 0001-6772. ; 182:4, s. 369-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Acromegaly [overproduction of growth hormone (GH)] and GH deficiency have both been associated with alterations in autonomic nervous system function. The aim of this study was to investigate autonomic nervous system influence on heart rate (HR) in transgenic mice overexpressing bovine GH (bGH). METHODS: HR and HR variability (HRV) were measured in conscious young (8-13 weeks) and old (5-6 months) female bGH and control mice using telemetry. HR control was studied using antagonists and an agonist of adrenergic and muscarinic receptors. Noradrenaline was measured in plasma, heart and kidney using high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Average 24 h resting HR did not differ between bGH and control mice. After saline injection and after muscarinic blockade with methylscopolamine HR increase was blunted (in old) or absent (in young) bGH mice compared with control mice (P < 0.05). Phenylephrine caused a baroreflex mediated decrease in HR from around 550 to 300-350 beats min(-1), not different between bGH and control mice. Time- and frequency-domain measures of HRV were reduced in old bGH compared with control mice (P < 0.05). Noradrenaline concentrations were reduced by 25-49% in plasma and tissue of bGH compared with control mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The current study suggests reduced autonomic modulation of HR in bGH transgenic mice. Thus, GH appears to have marked effects on autonomic tone, reducing sympathetic nervous system function possibly via reduced noradrenaline stores.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Barregård, Lars, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Cadmium exposure in relation to insulin production, insulin sensitivity and type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional and prospective study in women
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - 0013-9351. ; 121, s. 104-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cadmium is a wide-spread pollutant. Observational studies suggest associations Objectives: To examine whether cadmium exposure is associated with impaired glucose tolerance and Methods: Oral glucose tolerance tests were used in a screening examination of 64-year old women Results: At baseline, neither blood nor urinary cadmium concentrations showed any statistically Conclusions: This is the first study of cadmium and diabetes with detailed data on pancreatic beta-cell
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| 10. |
- Behre, Carl Johan, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing Leisure Time Physical Activity is Associated With Less Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in Healthy Middle-Aged Men
- 2011
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Ingår i: Angiology. - 1940-1574.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a constellation of factors that confer an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is well-known that physical activity (PA) has a protective role on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, mainly through its favorable effects on traditional risk factors such as body mass and blood pressure (BP). We assessed the prevalence of MetS in a population-based sample of 58-year-old men with respect to leisure-time PA and also to occupational PA. The results showed an inverse linear association (P < .05) between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and MetS in this group. In conclusion, this study suggests that PA has an important role in controlling MetS.
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