| 1. |
- Armesto, N., et al.
(författare)
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Heavy-ion collisions at the LHC-Last call for predictions
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G : Nuclear and Particle Physics. - 0954-3899. ; 35:5, s. 054001
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- This writeup is a compilation of the predictions for the forthcoming Heavy Ion Program at the Large Hadron Collider, as presented at the CERN Theory Institute 'Heavy Ion Collisions at the LHC - Last Call for Predictions', held from 14th May to 10th June 2007.
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| 2. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - Landes Bioscience. - 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 3. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J, et al.
(författare)
-
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Autophagy. - Landes Bioscience. - 1554-8627, EISSN 1554-8635. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 4. |
- Fujita, S., et al.
(författare)
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Spatial and temporal variability of snow accumulation rate on the East Antarctic ice divide between Dome Fuji and EPICA DML
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Cryosphere. - 1994-0416. ; 5:4, s. 1057-1081
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To better understand the spatio-temporal variability of the glaciological environment in Dronning Maud Land (DML), East Antarctica, a 2800-km-long Japanese-Swedish traverse was carried out. The route includes ice divides between two ice-coring sites at Dome Fuji and EPICA DML. We determined the surface mass balance (SMB) averaged over various time scales in the late Holocene based on studies of snow pits and firn cores, in addition to radar data. We find that the large-scale distribution of the SMB depends on the surface elevation and continentality, and that the SMB differs between the windward and leeward sides of ice divides for strong-wind events. We suggest that the SMB is highly influenced by interactions between the large-scale surface topography of ice divides and the wind field of strong-wind events that are often associated with high-precipitation events. Local variations in the SMB are governed by the local surface topography, which is influenced by the bedrock topography. In the eastern part of DML, the accumulation rate in the second half of the 20th century is found to be higher by similar to 15% than averages over longer periods of 722 a or 7.9 ka before AD 2008. A similar increasing trend has been reported for many inland plateau sites in Antarctica with the exception of several sites on the leeward side of the ice divides.
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| 5. |
- Clarke, J A, et al.
(författare)
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The role of simulation in support of Internet-based energy services
- 2004
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - 0378-7788. ; 36:8, s. 837-846
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The connection of buildings to the Internet broadband network is becoming commonplace. The establishment of such an infrastructure enables the development of a range of new energy, environment and health-related services for people in their homes and workplaces. Telecommunications companies and utilities are actively developing examples of such services, and local authorities and health care providers are supporting trial deployments. Several of the services can be enabled or enhanced through the application of building modelling and simulation. This paper describes the infrastructure for the e-services under test within a European research project and shows the potential for simulation support for these services.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Loukopoulos, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Choices of activity- and travel-change options
- 2005
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Ingår i: Progress in activity-based analysis, Amsterdam: Elsevier, H. P. J. Timmermans (Ed.). - Amsterdam : Amsterdam: Elseiver. ; s. 489-501
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- A conceptual framework based on self-regulation theory in social psychology is proposed with the purpose of analyzing adaptations of household car use. Changes in car-use options resulting from the implementation of policies designed to reduce car use are assumed to influence long-term, strategic choices of car-use reduction or change goals as well as the day-to-day, operational choices of activity/travel change options in order to attain these goals. Analyses are reported of retrospective survey data on activity/travel changes after the introduction of a toll ring in Trondheim, Norway.
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| 8. |
- Loukopoulos, Peter, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Household choices of activity/travel change options for reducing car use
- 2004
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the conference “Progress in activity-based analysis,” Vaeshartelt Castle, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A conceptual framework based on self-regulation theory in social psychology is proposed with the purpose of analyzing changes in household car use affected by travel demand management (TDM) measures. TDM measures changing car use options are assumed to influence strategic choices of car-use reduction goals as well as operational choices of activity/travel change options in order to attain these goals. An ongoing internet survey will provide data on the activity/travel change options households choose depending on the size of the car use goal that they set
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| 9. |
- Loukopoulos, Peter, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the process of adaptation to car-use reduction goals
- 2006
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Ingår i: Transportation Research F. ; 9:2, s. 115-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two studies are reported examining the adaptations people make in order to achieve car-use reduction goals set in response to travel demand management (TDM) measures. Study 1 examined retrospective reports of actual behavioural adaptations made in response to the introduction of the Trondheim toll ring. Building upon the first study, Study 2 was an internet survey requiring respondents to state the frequency with which they would adopt various adaptation alternatives were they required to adapt to a small, medium, or large car-use reduction goal. The frequency with which a particular adaptation is implemented was found to vary with trip purpose and with size of reduction goal. The results were interpreted in the light of a modified cost-minimisation principle of adaptation.
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| 10. |
- Nagatsuma, T., Nozawa, S., Buchert, S.C. and Fujii, R.
(författare)
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High latitude Pi3 pulsations observed by the EISCAT VHF radar.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. ; 28:7, s. 1093-1096
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long period irregular magnetic pulsations, Pi3, are found from EISCAT/VHF radar observations at the high latitude in the dawn sector on Sept. 29, 1996. From the comparison between the radar and ground magnetometer data, it is suggested that the meandering
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