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- Abeysekera, John, et al.
(författare)
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The identification of factors in the systematic evaluation of slip prevention on icy surfaces
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - Elsevier BV. - 0169-8141. ; 28:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- Slips and falls on icy roads often result in fractures or sprains and is a major problem in Nordic countries. Walking trials by 25 subjects wearing four types of winter shoes on five different icy walking surfaces provided subjective and objective measures of tendency to slip and number of slips, respectively. Since friction is a major determinant of a slip, the influence of material spread on icy surfaces, the surface temperatures and the shoe soling characteristics versus the Coefficient of Friction (COF) of the shoes were measured. Sand and gravel on icy roads had positive effects on improving COF. The study revealed that the aetiology of slips and falls is multi-faceted and attempts to solve the problem must adopt a systems approach. Perception of risk, aging, training, experience and postural balance are other factors to be considered in preventing slips and falls. Future research should concentrate on the degree of impact of each factor to the aetiology of slips and falls, which can help to decide priority action in preventing slips and falls.
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- Gao, Chuansi, et al.
(författare)
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A systems perspective of slip and fall accidents on icy and snowy surfaces
- 2004
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Ingår i: Ergonomics. - Taylor & Francis Ltd.. - 0014-0139. ; 47:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- Current research on slips and falls has mainly focused on floors and/or contaminated floors. Although icy and snowy surfaces near melting temperature are more slippery, more important still, slip and falls on icy and snowy surfaces involve not only outdoor workers, but also pedestrians and the general public; and occur in cold regions and in the winter season in many parts of the world. However, in comparison with the size of the problem, research work done so far in this area has been limited. The objective of this paper is to present a systems perspective of slip and fall accidents, with special focus on its occurrence on icy and snowy surfaces. In order to explore the aetiology of slip and fall accidents further, and to provide the basis for prevention, the authors put forward a systems model towards the slips and falls on icy and snowy surfaces based on a review of literature and current knowledge. Various contributing factors are systematically discussed to highlight the multi-factorial nature of the problem, providing the possibility of a multi-faceted approach to reach systematic prevention. Unresolved issues related to slips and falls on ice and snow are also identified, which necessitate further research.
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- Gao, Chuansi, et al.
(författare)
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Cooling vests with phase change material packs: the effects of temperature gradient, mass, and covering area
- 2010
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Ingår i: Ergonomics. - Taylor & Francis. - 1366-5847. ; 53:5, s. 716-723
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phase change material (PCM) absorbs or releases latent heat when it changes phases, making thermal-regulated clothing possible. The objective of this study was to quantify the relationships between PCM cooling rate and temperature gradient, mass, and covering area on a thermal manikin in a climatic chamber. Three melting temperatures (24, 28, 32 °C) of the PCMs, different mass, covering areas, and two manikin temperatures (34 and 38 °C) were used. The results showed that the cooling rate of the PCM vests tested is positively correlated with the temperature gradient between the thermal manikin and the melting temperature of the PCMs. The required temperature gradient is suggested to be greater than 6 °C when PCM vests are used in hot climates. With the same temperature gradient, the cooling rate is mainly determined by the covering area. The duration of the cooling effect is dependent on PCM mass and the latent heat
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