| 1. |
- Admassie, Shimelis, et al.
(författare)
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A polymer photodiode using vapour-phase polymerized PEDOT as an anode
- 2005
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Ingår i: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. - 0927-0248. ; 90, s. 133-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the photovoltaic properties of devices made using a highly conducting polymer electrode, from vapor-phase polymd. poly (3,4-ethylenedioxy) thiophene (VPP PEDOT) on glass substrate as an anode and a polyfluorene copolymer poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2thienyl-2',1'3'-benzothiadiazole)] (APFO-3) mixed with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methylester (PCBM) in the ratio of 1:4 as the active layer. The device performance was compared with that of devices made with PEDOT-PSS on glass substrates. The surfaces of VPP PEDOT were imaged using at. force microscopy (AFM). [on SciFinder (R)]
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| 2. |
- Admassie, Shimelis, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochemical and optical studies of the band gaps of alternating polyfluorene copolymers
- 2006
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Ingår i: Synthetic Metals. ; 156:7-8, s. 614-623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electrochemical and optical properties of a series of alternating polyfluorene copolymers with low band gaps were determined. These polymers incorporated fluorene units alternating with groups including electron-withdrawing (A) and electron-donating (D) groups in donor-acceptor-donor (DAD) sequence to achieve the lowering of band gaps. The polymers were solvent-casted on platinum disk electrode and the band gaps were estimated from cyclic voltammetry (CV). These values were compared with values obtained from optical absorption measurements. Although the electrochemically determined band gaps were found to be slightly higher than the optical band gap in most cases, values are well correlated. The values of the band gaps determined range from 2.1 to 1.3 eV. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Bjoerstroem, Cecilia M., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of solvents and substrates on the morphology and the performance of low-bandgap polyfluorene: PCBM photovoltaic devices
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering. ; 6192
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spin-coated thin films of poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)] (APFO-3) blended with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid Me ester (PCBM) are used as the active material in polymer photovoltaic cells. Such blends are known for their tendency to phase sep. during film formation. Tuning the morphol. of the blend in a controlled way is one possible road towards higher efficiency. We studied the effect of adding chlorobenzene to chloroform-based blend solns. before spin-coating on the conversion efficiency of APFO-3:PCBM photodiodes, and related that to the lateral and vertical morphol. of thin films of the blend. The lateral morphol. is imaged by at. force microscopy (AFM) and the vertical compositional profile is obtained by dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The profiles reveal compositional variations consisting of multilayers of alternating polymer-rich and PCBM-rich domains in the blend film spin-coated from chloroform. The vertical compositional variations are caused by surface-directed spinodal waves and are frozen in during the rapid evapn. of a highly volatile solvent. With addn. of the low-vapor pressure solvent chlorobenzene, a more homogeneous vertical compn. is found. The conversion efficiency for solar cells of this blend was found to be optimal for chloroform:chlorobenzene mixts. with a vol.-ratio of 80:1. We have also investigated the role of the substrate on the morphol. We found that blend films spin-coated from chloroform solns. on PEDOT:PSS-coated ITO show a similar compositional structure as the films on silicon, and that changing the substrate from silicon to gold only affects the vertical phase sepn. in a region close to the substrate interface. [on SciFinder (R)]
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| 4. |
- Bjork, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Oligothiophene Assemblies Defined by DNA Interaction : From Single Chains to Disordered Clusters
- 2009
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Ingår i: SMALL. - 1613-6810. ; 5:1, s. 96-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The organization of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) interacting with biomolecules sets conditions for the biodetection of biological processes and identity, through the use of optical emission from the CPE. Herein, a well-defined CPE and its binding to DNA is studied. By using dynamic light scattering and circular dichroism spectroscopy, it is shown that the CPE forms a multimolecule ensemble in aqueous solution that is more than doubled it? size when interacting with a small DNA chain, while single chains are evident in ethanol. The related changes in the fluorescence spectra upon polymer aggregation are assigned to oscillator strength redistribution between vibronic transitions in weakly coupled H-aggregates. An enhanced single-molecule spectroscopy technique that allows full control of excitation and emission light polarization is applied to combed and decorated;,DNA chains. It is found that the organization of combed CPE-lambda DNA complexes (when dry on the surface) allows considerable variation of CPE distances and direction relative to the DNA chain. By analysis of the polarization data. energy transfer between the polymer chains in individual complexes is confirmed and their sizes estimated.
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| 5. |
- Chen, Miaoxiang, et al.
(författare)
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High carrier mobility in low band gap polymer-based field-effect transistors
- 2005
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - 0003-6951. ; 87:25, s. 252105-1-252105-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A conjugated polymer with a low band gap of 1.21 eV, i.e., absorbing infrared light, is demonstrated as active material in field-effect transistors (FETs). The material consists of alternating fluorene units and low band gap segments with electron donor-acceptor-donor units composed of two electron-donating thiophene rings attached on both sides of a thiadiazolo-quinoxaline electron-acceptor group. The polymer is solution-processable and air-stable; the resulting FETs exhibit typical p-channel characteristics and field-effect mobility of 0.03 cm2 V−1 s−1.
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| 6. |
- Gadisa, Abay, et al.
(författare)
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Improvements of fill factor in solar cells based on blends of polyfluorene copolymers as electron donors
- 2007
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - 0040-6090. ; 515:5, s. 3126-3131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The photovoltaic characteristics of solar cells based on alternating polyfluorene copolymers, poly(2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)) (APFO-3), and poly(2,7-(9,9-didodecyl-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)) (APFO-4), blended with an electron acceptor fullerene molecule [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), have been investigated and compared. The two copolymers have the same aromatic backbone structure but differ by the length of their alkyl side chain. The overall photovoltaic performance of the solar cells is comparable irrespective of the copolymer used in the active layer. However, the fill factor (FF) values of the devices are strongly affected by the copolymer type. Higher FF values were realized in solar cells with APFO-4 (with longer alkyl side chain)/PCBM bulk heterojunction active layer. On the other hand, devices with blends of APFO-3/APFO-4/PCBM were found to render fill factor values that are intermediate between the values obtained in solar cells with APFO-3/PCBM and APFO-4/PCBM active film. Upon using APFO-3/APFO-4 blends as electron donors, the cell efficiency can be enhanced by about 16% as compared to cells with either APFO-3 or APFO-4. The transport of holes in each polymer obeys the model of hopping transport in disordered media. However, the degree of energetic barrier against hopping was found to be larger in APFO-3. The tuning of the photovoltaic parameters will be discussed based on studies of hole transport in the pure polymer films, and morphology of blend layers. The effect of bipolar transport in PCBM will also be discussed.
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| 7. |
- Gadisa, Abay, et al.
(författare)
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Stoichiometry dependence of charge transport in polymer/methanofullerene and polymer/C70 derivative based solar cells
- 2006
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Ingår i: Organic electronics. - 1566-1199. ; 7:4, s. 195-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Charge transport in a near infrared absorbing polyfluorene copolymer (APFO-Green1) and its blends with methanofullerene [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), and 3′-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1′-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrazolino[70]fullerene (BTPF70) is reported. PCBM and BTPF70 are electron acceptor and transporting molecules in polymer based solar cells. The BTPF70 has emerged as a new electron acceptor molecule that provides adequate exciton dissociation when blended with the low band gap polyfluorene copolymer APFO-Green1. Electron transport in both net PCBM and BTPF70 films are subjected to positional and energetic disorder, with the degree of disorder being more pronounced in BTPF70. On the other hand, mixing PCBM with conjugated polymers usually leads to increased hole mobility. We have investigated and compared the acceptor concentration dependence of charge transport in APFO-Green1/PCBM and APFO-Green1/BTPF70 blend films. For better understanding of the charge transport in the heterojunction films, the field and temperature dependence of hole transport in pure APFO-Green1 films has also been studied. It is observed that the behavior of hole mobility in the blend layer is sensitive to the acceptor type. For APFO-Green1/PCBM hole only devices, the hole mobility attains a local maximum at 67 wt.% of PCBM, while on the contrary mixing any amount of BTPF70 with APFO-Green1 results into degradation of hole transport. Electron transport in both blends, however, increases monotonically as a function of acceptor loading.
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| 8. |
- Gadisa, Abay, et al.
(författare)
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Transparent polymer cathode for organic photovoltaic devices
- 2006
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Ingår i: Synthetic metals. - 0379-6779. ; 156:16-17, s. 1102-1107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate a prototype solar cell with a transparent polymer cathode, and indium-tin-oxide (ITO)/poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly (styrene sulphonate) (PEDOT:PSS) anode. As an active layer, thin film of a bulk heterojunction of polyfluorene copolymer poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2thienyl-2′,1′3′-benzothiadiazole)] (APFO-3) and an electron acceptor molecule [6] and [6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) (1:4 wt.) was sandwiched between the two transparent polymer electrodes. The cathode is another form of PEDOT formed by vapor phase polymerised PEDOT (VPP PEDOT) of conductivity 102–103 S/cm. The cathode is supported on an elastomeric substrate, and forms a conformal contact to the APFO-3/PCBM blend. Transparent solar cells are useful for building multilayer and tandem solar cells.
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| 9. |
- Herland, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Alignment of a conjugated polymer onto amyloid-like protein fibrils
- 2007
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Ingår i: Small. - 1613-6810. ; 3:2, s. 318-325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The amyloid-like fibril is a biomolecular nanowire template of very high stability. Here we describe the coordination of a conjugated polyelectrolyte, poly(thiophene acetic acid) (PTAA), to bovine insulin fibrils with widths of <10 nm and lengths of up to more than 10 <img src="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/giflibrary/12/mu.gif" />m. Fibrils complexed with PTAA are aligned on surfaces through molecular combing and transfer printing. Single-molecule spectroscopy techniques are applied to chart spectral variation in the emission of these wires. When these results are combined with analysis of the polarization of the emitted light, we can conclude that the polymer chains are preferentially aligned along the fibrillar axis.
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| 10. |
- Nemec, H., et al.
(författare)
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Charge carrier dynamics in alternating polyfluorene copolymer : Fullerene blends probed by terahertz spectroscopy
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - 1932-7447. ; 112:16, s. 6558-6563
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy is used for investigation of photoinduced charge carrier dynamics in blends of a polyfluorene copolymer (poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl- 2',1',3-benzo-thiadiazole)]) and an electron acceptor ([6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester). The transient far-infrared response appears instantaneously after photoexcitation. We show that the transient conductivity spectrum is dominated by two major contributions: response of separated charge carriers and response of coupled polaron pairs. © 2008 American Chemical Society.
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