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- Eliasson, Ingegärd, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Climate and behaviour in a Nordic city
- 2007
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Ingår i: LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING. - 0169-2046. ; 82:1-2, s. 72-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four urban public spaces, representing various designs and microclimates, were investigated in Gothenburg, Sweden, in order to estimate how weather and microclimate affect people in urban outdoor environments. The research strategy was both multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary and included scientists from three disciplines: architecture, climatology and psychology. The project is based on common case studies carried out during four seasons, including measurements of meteorological variables, interviews and observations of human activity at each place. Multiple regression analysis of meteorological and behavioural data showed that air temperature, wind speed and clearness index (cloud cover) have a significant influence on people's assessments of the weather, place perceptions and place-related attendance. The results support the arguments in favour of employing climate sensitive planning in future urban design and planning projects, as the physical component of a place can be designed to influence the site-specific microclimate and consequently people's place-related attendance, perceptions and emotions.
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- Knez, I., et al.
(författare)
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Influences of culture and environmental attitude on thermal, emotional and perceptual evaluations of a public square
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biometeorology. - 0020-7128. ; 50:5, s. 258-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main objective of the present quasi-experimental study was to examine the influence of culture (Swedish vs Japanese) and environmental attitude (urban vs open-air person) on participants' thermal, emotional and perceptual assessments of a square, within the PET (physiological equivalent temperature) comfortable interval of 18-23 degrees C. It was predicted that persons living in different cultures with different environmental attitudes would psychologically evaluate a square differently despite similar thermal conditions. Consistent with this prediction, Japanese participants estimated the current weather as warmer than did Swedish participants and, consistent with this, they felt less thermally comfortable on the site, although participants in both countries perceived similar comfortable thermal outdoor conditions according to the PET index. Compared to the Japanese, the Swedes estimated both the current weather and the site as windier and colder, indicating a consistency in weather assessment on calm-windy and warm-cold scales in participants in both cultures. Furthermore, Swedish participants felt more glad and calm on the site and, in line with their character (more glad than gloomy), they estimated the square as more beautiful and pleasant than did Japanese participants. All this indicates that thermal, emotional and perceptual assessments of a physical place may be intertwined with psychological schema-based and socio-cultural processes, rather than fixed by general thermal indices developed in line with physiological heat balance models. In consequence, this implies that thermal comfort indices may not be applicable in different cultural/climate zones without modifications, and that they may not be appropriate if we do not take into account the psychological processes involved in environmental assessment.
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- Knez, Igor, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological mechanisms in outdoor place and weather assessment: towards a conceptual model
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biometeorology. - 1432-1254. ; 53:1, s. 101-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The general aim has been to illuminate the psychological mechanisms involved in outdoor place and weather assessment. This reasoning was conceptualized in a model, tentatively proposing direct and indirect links of influence in an outdoor place–human relationship. The model was subsequently tested by an empirical study, performed in a Nordic city, on the impact of weather and personal factors on participants’ perceptual and emotional estimations of outdoor urban places. In line with our predictions, we report significant influences of weather parameters (air temperature, wind, and cloudlessness) and personal factors (environmental attitude and age) on participants’ perceptual and emotional estimations of outdoor urban places. All this is a modest, yet significant, step towards an understanding of the psychology of outdoor place and weather assessment.
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| 7. |
- Rodriguez-Meizoso, I., et al.
(författare)
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Phase-behavior of alkyl ketene dimmer (AKD) in supercritical carbon dioxide. The implications of using different solubility measurement methods
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal Of Supercritical Fluids. - Elsevier Science Bv. - 0896-8446. ; 61, s. 25-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, three different methods were used to determine the phase behavior of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). Rough values for the total solubility of AKD in SC-CO2 were obtained. The solubility ranges from 1 to 14 mg AKD/g CO2 at temperatures from 40 to 80 degrees C and pressures from 10 to 30 MPa. A significant increase in solubility was observed in the region above 50 degrees C and 20 MPa. A region of improved solubility was found, without the presence of a cross-over pressure point. The fact that different solubility methods gave different results was discussed and the importance of data interpretation was highlighted. H-1 NMR and MALDI-TOF MS analyses were utilized to chemically characterize the AKD wax. Its special behavior and the influence of data interpretation on the design of a RESS process were discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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