| 1. |
- Hardy, J, et al.
(författare)
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Transmitter deficits in Alzheimer's disease.
- 1985
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Ingår i: Neurochemistry International. - 0197-0186 .- 1872-9754. ; 7:4, s. 545-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pattern of neurotransmitter pathway losses in Alzheimer's disease are reviewed. Deficits of the cholinergic pathway from the nucleus basalis, the noradrenergic pathway from the locus coeruleus and the serotoninergic pathway from the raphe nuclei are established. Cortical somatostatin interneurons are affected and dopaminergic neurons may be affected although these may be late or secondary phenomena in the disease process. Other neuronal systems, particularly in the hippocampus and temporal cortex, are also damaged. However, the disease is not one of generalised neuronal atrophy since some neurons are selectively spared. The established pathway-specific losses are discussed in relation to the clinical symptomatology and the pathology of the disorder. The biochemical and histological findings are compared with similar measurements made on tissues from other dementing disorders in an attempt to trace features common to dementias. Finally, as an addendum, a hypothesis is briefly outlined which attempts to explain the common features of the affected neurons and the pathogenesis of the disorder.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Aström, S, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes of health care personnel toward demented patients.
- 1987
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Ingår i: Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences. - 0902-008X. ; 1:3, s. 94-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Health care personnel (n = 724) working in psychogeriatric care, somatic and psychiatric long-term care, somatic and psychiatric general care and in homes for the aged, were interviewed by means of questionnaires evaluating attitudes and intentions regarding work with demented patients and education in their care. The overall attitude towards demented patients was positive. The largest numbers of personnel with positive attitudes were found in psychogeriatric care and somatic long-term care and the lowest in general medical and psychiatric care. The figure for positive attitudes in relation to education showed a similar figure for all categories. Given a free choice only 4% of the respondents had the intention of working solely with demented patients. A majority of the respondents reported that their knowledge of the care of demented patients came from clinical work. There is a strong need for further education.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Wester, P, et al.
(författare)
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Monoamine metabolite concentrations and cholinesterase activities in cerebrospinal fluid of progressive dementia patients : relation to clinical parameters.
- 1988
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 77:1, s. 12-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forty-five well clinically characterized patients with progressive dementia were investigated for lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monoamine metabolites and cholinesterase activities. Monoamine concentrations were determined by reverse phase liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and the cholinergic enzymes were measured photometrically. Firstly, all clinical and CSF parameters were studied in statistical cluster analyses to detect groups of variables which demonstrated a high correlation with respect to each other. The CSF transmitter markers were then used in multiple regression models to explain the variance of clinical variables as chosen from the cluster analyses. The degree of dementia, as assessed by global deterioration score (GDS) and activity in daily life (ADL) status, as well as the Alzheimer-related symptoms dyspraxia and dysphasia, were associated with low AChE activities in CSF. A presumed subgroup of dementia patients clinically characterized by asymmetry of neurological signs, increased unilateral tonus, stepwise progression, and high Hachinski score, showed low HVA concentrations in CSF. These data suggest a coupling of clinical/neurological parameters to different CSF transmitter profils and, thus, that CSF biochemical parameters are of use as antemortem markers in dementia conditions.
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