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- Carlsson, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic effects on physical activity : results from the Swedish Twin Registry
- 2006
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Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 38:8, s. 1396-1401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic effects on leisure-time physical activity using data from the Swedish Twin Registry. METHODS: We investigated 13,362 twin pairs (5334 monozygotic and 8028 dizygotic pairs) aged 14-46 yr. Information on leisure-time physical activity was obtained by questionnaire. Correlations and odds ratios of physical activity were calculated for males, females, and monozygotic and dizygotic twins, respectively. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the contribution of genetic effects as well as common and nonshared environmental factors on leisure-time physical activity. RESULTS: About one third of the twins reported that they exercised regularly (26% in females and 39% in males). The correlations of physical activity were twice as high in monozygotic compared with dizygotic twins, suggesting the presence of genetic effects. The variation in physical activity due to heritage was 57% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.49-0.63) in males and 50% (95% CI = 0.49-0.55) in females. The common environmental influence on physical activity was very small compared with the influence from environmental factors unique to the individual. CONCLUSIONS: Our study establishes heredity as an important component behind individual differences in physical activity in adult men and women. This may be one reason behind difficulties in convincing people to adopt an active lifestyle. Still, this study shows that there is a substantial influence on physical activity from environmental factors unique to the individual.
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- Carlsson, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Low physical activity and mortality in women : Baseline lifestyle and health as alternative explanations
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - Karolinska Inst, Div Epidemiol & Social Med, Stockholm Ctr Publ Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Dept Epidemiol, Inst Environm Med, Stockholm, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Dept Nutr Epidemiol, Inst Environm Med, Stockholm, Sweden. : SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 34:5, s. 480-487
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between physical activity and mortality in post-menopausal women. In addition, the authors wanted to investigate to what extent this association could be attributed to confounding from other lifestyle factors, and to reverse causation due to a number of common health problems that may inhibit the ability to exercise. Methods: A total of 27,734 women aged 51-83 years from the Swedish Mammography Cohort were investigated. In 1997 they responded to a detailed questionnaire including questions on physical activity, diet, alcohol intake, smoking, and medical problems. During follow-up in 1999-2004, 1,232 deaths were identified by linkage to the National Population Register. Results: Women with low physical activity (<= 35 MET*h/day) had a 3.22 times increased mortality (95% confidence interval (CI)=2.35-4.43) compared with the most active women (> 50 MET*h/day). No increased risk was seen in women with moderate compared with high physical activity. Sedentary women tended to have a less healthy lifestyle and more health problems at baseline, e. g. almost 30% of them reported high blood pressure compared with less than 20% of active women. Baseline medical problems and lifestyle factors such as smoking, diet, and education accounted for 30% of the excess risk seen in sedentary women (24% and 6% respectively). Conclusions: This study indicates that even fairly small amounts of activity will reduce mortality in older women. However, sedentary women seemed to be a selected group with more medical problems and a less healthy lifestyle. The findings indicate that the association between physical inactivity and mortality will be overestimated if this is not taken into account.
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- Lonn, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Mobile phone use and risk of parotid gland tumor
- 2006
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 164:7, s. 637-643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Handheld mobile phones were introduced in Denmark and Sweden during the late 1980s. This makes the Danish and Swedish populations suitable for a study aimed at testing the hypothesis that long-term mobile phone use increases the risk of parotid gland tumors. In this population-based case-control study, the authors identified all cases aged 20-69 years diagnosed with parotid gland tumor during 2000-2002 in Denmark and certain parts of Sweden. Controls were randomly selected from the study population base. Detailed information about mobile phone use was collected from 60 cases of malignant parotid gland tumors (85% response rate), 112 benign pleomorphic adenomas (88% response rate), and 681 controls (70% response rate). For regular mobile phone use, regardless of duration, the risk estimates for malignant and benign tumors were 0.7 (95% confidence interval: 0.4, 1.3) and 0.9 (95% confidence interval: 0.5, 1.5), respectively. Similar results were found for more than 10 years' duration of mobile phone use. The risk estimate did not increase, regardless of type of phone and amount of use. The authors conclude that the data do not support the hypothesis that mobile phone use is related to an increased risk of parotid gland tumors.
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