| 1. |
- Prokopenko, Inga, et al.
(författare)
-
Variants in MTNR1B influence fasting glucose levels
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 41:1, s. 77-81
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify previously unknown genetic loci associated with fasting glucose concentrations, we examined the leading association signals in ten genome-wide association scans involving a total of 36,610 individuals of European descent. Variants in the gene encoding melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) were consistently associated with fasting glucose across all ten studies. The strongest signal was observed at rs10830963, where each G allele (frequency 0.30 in HapMap CEU) was associated with an increase of 0.07 (95% CI = 0.06-0.08) mmol/l in fasting glucose levels (P = 3.2 x 10(-50)) and reduced beta-cell function as measured by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-B, P = 1.1 x 10(-15)). The same allele was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio = 1.09 (1.05-1.12), per G allele P = 3.3 x 10(-7)) in a meta-analysis of 13 case-control studies totaling 18,236 cases and 64,453 controls. Our analyses also confirm previous associations of fasting glucose with variants at the G6PC2 (rs560887, P = 1.1 x 10(-57)) and GCK (rs4607517, P = 1.0 x 10(-25)) loci.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Alimadadi, Hossein, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Corrosion properties of electrodeposited nanocrystalline and amorphous patterned Ni-W alloy
- 2009
-
Ingår i: MATERIALS & DESIGN. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-3069 .- 0264-1275 .- 1873-4197. ; 30:4, s. 1356-1361
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nickel-tungsten with satisfactory corrosion properties is a promising alloy to replace hard chromium. Relatively high adhesion between copper substrate and electrodeposited Ni-W alloy results in patterned morphology due to crack formation. In this work, corrosion resistance of patterned Ni-W alloys comprising 0-26 at.%.W were studied by potentiodynamic polarization and EIS in a medium containing Cl-. It is shown that corrosion resistance of single phase Ni-W is superior to amorphous and dual phase coated layers. It is also found that crack density is the dominant affecting factor on corrosion resistance of amorphous Ni-W alloys.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Dick, FD, et al.
(författare)
-
Environmental risk factors for Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism : The Geoparkinson study
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 64:10, s. 666-672
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the associations between Parkinson's disease and other degenerative parkinsonian syndromes and environmental factors in five European countries. Methods: A case-control study of 959 prevalent cases of parkinsonism (767 with Parkinson's disease) and 1989 controls in Scotland, Italy, Sweden, Romania and Malta was carried out. Cases were defined using the United Kingdom Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank criteria, and those with drug-induced or vascular parkinsonism or dementia were excluded. Subjects completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire about lifetime occupational and hobby exposure to solvents, pesticides, iron, copper and manganese. Lifetime and average annual exposures were estimated blind to disease status using a job-exposure matrix modified by subjective exposure modelling. Results were analysed using multiple logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, country, tobacco use, ever knocked unconscious and family history of Parkinson's disease. Results: Adjusted logistic regression analyses showed significantly increased odds ratios for Parkinson's disease/parkinsonism with an exposure-response relationship for pesticides (low vs no exposure, odds ratio (OR) =1.13, 95% Cl 0.82 to 1.57, high vs no exposure, OR =1.41, 95% Cl 1.06 to 1.88) and ever knocked unconscious (once vs never, OR= 1.35, 95% Cl 1.09 to 1.68, more than once vs never, OR = 2.53, 95% Cl 1.78 to 3.59). Hypnotic, anxiolytic or antidepressant drug use for more than 1 year and a family history of Parkinson's disease showed significantly increased odds ratios. Tobacco use was protective (OR = 0.50, 95% Cl 0.42 to 0.60). Analyses confined to subjects with Parkinson's disease gave similar results. Conclusions: The association of pesticide exposure with Parkinson's disease suggests a causative role. Repeated traumatic loss of consciousness is associated with increased risk.
|
|
| 6. |
- Dick, FD, et al.
(författare)
-
Gene-environment interactions in parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease : The Geoparkinson study
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 64:10, s. 673-680
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate associations of Parkinson's disease (PD) and parkinsonian syndromes with polymorphic genes that influence metabolism of either foreign chemical substances or dopamine and to seek evidence of gene-environment interaction effects that modify risk. Methods: A case-control study of 959 prevalent cases of parkinsonism (767 with PD) and 1989 controls across five European centres. Occupational hygienists estimated the average annual intensity of exposure to solvents, pesticides and metals, (iron, copper, manganese), blind to disease status. CYP2D6, PON1, GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTM3, GSTP1, NQO1, CYP1B1, MAO-A, MAO-B, SOD 2, EPHX, DATl, DRD2 and NAT2 were genotyped. Results were analysed using multiple logistic regression adjusting for key confounders. Results: There was a modest but significant association between MAO-A polymorphism in males and disease risk (G vs T, OR 1.30, 95% C1 1.02 to 1.66, adjusted). The majority of gene-environment analyses did not show significant interaction effects. There were possible interaction effects between GSTM1 null genotype and solvent exposure (which were stronger when limited to PD cases only). Conclusions: Many small studies have reported associations between genetic polymorphisms and PD. Fewer have examined gene-environment interactions. This large study was sufficiently powered to examine these aspects. GSTM1 null subjects heavily exposed to solvents appear to be at increased risk of PD. There was insufficient evidence that the other gene-environment combinations investigated modified disease risk, suggesting they contribute little to the burden of PD.
|
|
| 7. |
- McEvoy, Brian P., et al.
(författare)
-
Geographical structure and differential natural selection among North European populations
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Genome Research. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 1088-9051 .- 1549-5469. ; 19:5, s. 804-814
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Population structure can provide novel insight into the human past, and recognizing and correcting for such stratification is a practical concern in gene mapping by many association methodologies. We investigate these patterns, primarily through principal component (PC) analysis of whole genome SNP polymorphism, in 2099 individuals from populations of Northern European origin (Ireland, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Australia, and HapMap European-American). The major trends (PC1 and PC2) demonstrate an ability to detect geographic substructure, even over a small area like the British Isles, and this information can then be applied to finely dissect the ancestry of the European-Australian and European-American samples. They simultaneously point to the importance of considering population stratification in what might be considered a small homogeneous region. There is evidence from FST-based analysis of genic and nongenic SNPs that differential positive selection has operated across these populations despite their short divergence time and relatively similar geographic and environmental range. The pressure appears to have been focused on genes involved in immunity, perhaps reflecting response to infectious disease epidemic. Such an event may explain a striking selective sweep centered on the rs2508049-G allele, close to the HLA-G gene on chromosome 6. Evidence of the sweep extends over a 8-Mb/3.5-cM region. Overall, the results illustrate the power of dense genotype and sample data to explore regional population variation, the events that have crafted it, and their implications in both explaining disease prevalence and mapping these genes by association.
|
|
| 8. |
- Mohammadiha, Nasser, et al.
(författare)
-
Measuring the Geometrical Parameters of Steel Billets during Molding Process Using Image Processing
- 2006
-
Ingår i: 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology, Vols 1 and 2. - : IEEE. ; , s. 59-63
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a designed system for measuringthree dimensions (height, width and length) of steel billets duringmolding process. The system has been equipped with a Giga-Ethernet camera and an industrial computer (IPC). The billet ismoved in front of the inspection system with an external movingmechanism. Image processing techniques and calibration are usedto measure dimensions from the succeeding single view images.
|
|
