| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Abboud, Amina, et al.
(author)
-
Årsbok 2018 : Socialhögskolan, Lunds universitet
- 2019
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Socialhögskolans årsbok ger en liten inblick i vad vi gör och vi hoppas att den bidrar till att presentera utsnitt från vår verksamhet på ett trevligt och samlat sätt. Årsboken som är Socialhögskolans tredje uppmärksammar inte bara det som skett på Socialhögskolan under 2018. Den uppmärksammar även att 2018 var året då svensk äldreomsorg fyllde 100 år. Årsbokens gästredaktör Per Gunnar Edebalk inleder därför bokens forskningsavsnitt med att i år skriva om just hundraåringens historia. Det är inledningen på ett avsnitt där flera forskare vid Socialhögskolan bjuder på bidrag som lyfter fram aspekter av äldreomsorg och åldrande.Håkan Jönson och Tove Harnett resonerar om de begrepp som omgärdar äldreomsorgens möten och organisering sett i ett socialt arbetets perspektiv. De två har även skrivit en artikel om huruvida behov ska ses annorlunda mellan grupper bara för att man passerat en viss ålder.Däremellan presenteras en text av Erika Werner som låter oss möta frågor kring en sviken generation, här genom ett möte med Agnes, som hamnade mitt i skarven när pensionssystemet reformerades. Elisabeth Carlstedt presenterar en text om hur äldreomsorgens särskilda boenden arbetar i relation till Socialtjänstlagens direktiv om meningsfullhet och värdighet, och hur svårt det är. Lars Harrysson presenterar därefter ett avsnitt om två forskningsprojekt som han och Erika Werner gjort där fokus har legat dels på pensioner för personer i ekonomiskt utsatta grupper, speciellt med migrantbakgrund, dels om hur tro och äldreomsorg samspelar, eller inte. Äldreomsorgsavsnittet avslutas sedan med en intervju som Patrik Hekkala gjort med Peter Andersson som startade kursen socialt arbete med äldre och med Tove Harnett som tagit över och fortsatt utvecklingsarbetet till dags datum.Årsboken avslutas sedan med fyra texter. En av Amina Abboud, snart färdig socionom, som skriver om sina erfarenheter av och i uppsatsskrivandet. Sedan en där vi får möta Carina Olsson som arbetat hos oss länge, men som faktiskt arbetat vid universitetet i 40 år 2018. Emelie Dahlström, Joakim Grina och Jan Abrahamsson ger sedan en bakgrundsteckning till en hos Socialhögskolan verksam social accelerator, SoPact. Som avrundning finner du sedan lite mer information om vår verksamhet här vid Socialhögskolan.
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson, L. Robin, et al.
(author)
-
Characterization of Flow Structures Induced by Highly Rough Surface Using Particle Image Velocimetry, Proper Orthogonal Decomposition and Velocity Correlations
- 2018
-
In: Engineering. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1947-3931 .- 1947-394X. ; 10, s. 399-416
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High Reynolds number flow inside a channel of rectangular cross section is examined using Particle Image Velocimetry. One wall of the channel has been replaced with a surface of a roughness representative to that of real hydropower tunnels, i.e. a random terrain with roughness dimensions typically in the range of ≈10% - 20% of the channels hydraulic radius. The rest of the channel walls can be considered smooth. The rough surface was captured from an existing blasted rock tunnel using high resolution laser scanning and scaled to 1:10. For quantification of the size of the largest flow structures, integral length scales are derived from the auto-correlation functions of the temporally averaged velocity. Additionally, Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and higher-order statistics are applied to the instantaneous snapshots of the velocity fluctuations. The results show a high spatial heterogeneity of the velocity and other flow characteristics in vicinity of the rough surface, putting outer similarity treatment into jeopardy. Roughness effects are not confined to the vicinity of the rough surface but can be seen in the outer flow throughout the channel, indicating a different behavior than postulated by Townsend’s similarity hypothesis. The effects on the flow structures vary depending on the shape and size of the roughness elements leading to a high spatial dependence of the flow above the rough surface. Hence, any spatial averaging, e.g. assuming a characteristic sand grain roughness factor, for determining local flow parameters becomes less applicable in this case.
|
|
| 4. |
- Andersson, Robin, et al.
(author)
-
Experimental Study of Head Loss over Laser Scanned Rock Tunnel
- 2016
-
In: Experimental Study of Head Loss over Laser Scanned Rock Tunnel. - Portland : Utah State University. - 9781884575754 ; , s. 22-29
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Flow in hydropower tunnels is characterized by a high Reynolds number and often very rough rock walls. Due to the roughness of the walls, the flow in the tunnel is highly disturbed, resulting in large fluctuations of velocity and pressure in both time and space. Erosion problems and even partial collapse of tunnel walls are in some cases believed to be caused by hydraulic jacking from large flow induced pressure fluctuations. The objective of this work is to investigate the effects of the rough walls on the pressure variations in time and space over the rock surfaces. Pressure measurement experiments were performed in a 10 m long Plexiglas tunnel where one of the smooth walls was replaced with a rough surface. The rough surface was created from a down-scaled (1:10) laser scanned wall of a hydraulic tunnel. The differential pressure was measured at the smooth surface between points placed at the start and end of the first four 2 m sections of the channel. 10 gauge pressure sensors where flush mounted on the rough surface; these sensors measure the magnitude and the fluctuations of the pressure on the rough surface. The measurements showed significant spatial variation of the pressure on the surface. For example, sensors placed on protruding roughness elements showed low gauge pressure but high fluctuations. The differential pressure indicated a head loss through the tunnel that was almost four times higher than a theoretical smooth channel.
|
|
| 5. |
- Larsson, Malin, et al.
(author)
-
Identification of potential aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands by virtual screening of industrial chemicals
- 2018
-
In: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 25:3, s. 2436-2449
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have developed a virtual screening procedure to identify potential ligands to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) among a set of industrial chemicals. AhR is a key target for dioxin-like compounds, which is related to these compounds’ potential to induce cancer and a wide range of endocrine and immune system related effects. The virtual screening procedure included an initial filtration aiming at identifying chemicals with structural similarities to 66 known AhR binders, followed by three enrichment methods run in parallel. These include two ligand-based methods (structural fingerprints and nearest neighbor analysis) and one structure-based method using an AhR homology model. A set of 6,445 commonly used industrial chemicals was processed, and each step identified unique potential ligands. Seven compounds were identified by all three enrichment methods, and these compounds included known activators and suppressors of AhR. Only approximately 0.7% (41 compounds) of the studied industrial compounds was identified as potential AhR ligands and among these, 28 compounds have to our knowledge not been tested for AhR-mediated effects or have been screened with low purity. We suggest assessment of AhR-related activities of these compounds and in particular 2-chlorotrityl chloride, 3-p-hydroxyanilino-carbazole, and 3-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Persson, Mats, 1987-, et al.
(author)
-
Upper limits of the photon fluence rate on CT detectors : Case study on a commercial scanner
- 2016
-
In: Medical physics (Lancaster). - : AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0094-2405. ; 43:7, s. 4398-4411
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The highest photon fluence rate that a computed tomography (CT) detector must be able to measure is an important parameter. The authors calculate the maximum transmitted fluence rate in a commercial CT scanner as a function of patient size for standard head, chest, and abdomen protocols. Methods: The authors scanned an anthropomorphic phantom (Kyoto Kagaku PBU-60) with the reference CT protocols provided by AAPM on a GE LightSpeed VCT scanner and noted the tube current applied with the tube current modulation (TCM) system. By rescaling this tube current using published measurements on the tube current modulation of a GE scanner [N. Keat, "CT scanner automatic exposure control systems," MHRA Evaluation Report 05016, ImPACT, London, UK, 2005], the authors could estimate the tube current that these protocols would have resulted in for other patient sizes. An ECG gated chest protocol was also simulated. Using measured dose rate profiles along the bowtie filters, the authors simulated imaging of anonymized patient images with a range of sizes on a GE VCT scanner and calculated the maximum transmitted fluence rate. In addition, the 99th and the 95th percentiles of the transmitted fluence rate distribution behind the patient are calculated and the effect of omitting projection lines passing just below the skin line is investigated. Results: The highest transmitted fluence rates on the detector for the AAPM reference protocols with centered patients are found for head images and for intermediate-sized chest images, both with a maximum of 3.4 . 10(8) mm(-2) s-1, at 949 mm distance from the source. Miscentering the head by 50 mm downward increases the maximum transmitted fluence rate to 5.7 . 10(8) mm(-2) s(-1). The ECG gated chest protocol gives fluence rates up to 2.3 . 10(8)-3.6 . 10(8) mm(-2) s(-1) depending on miscentering. Conclusions: The fluence rate on a CT detector reaches 3 . 10(8)-6 . 10(8) mm(-2) s(-1) in standard imaging protocols, with the highest rates occurring for ECG gated chest and miscentered head scans. These results will be useful to developers of CT detectors, in particular photon counting detectors. (C) 2016 American Association of Physicists in Medicine.
|
|
| 8. |
- Rodriguez, Alvaro, et al.
(author)
-
Refining particle positions using circular symmetry
- 2017
-
In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 12:4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Particle and object tracking is gaining attention in industrial applications and is commonly applied in: colloidal, biophysical, ecological, and micro-fluidic research. Reliable tracking information is heavily dependent on the system under study and algorithms that correctly determine particle position between images. However, in a real environmental context with the presence of noise including particular or dissolved matter in water, and low and fluctuating light conditions, many algorithms fail to obtain reliable information. We propose a new algorithm, the Circular Symmetry algorithm (C-Sym), for detecting the position of a circular particle with high accuracy and precision in noisy conditions. The algorithm takes advantage of the spatial symmetry of the particle allowing for subpixel accuracy. We compare the proposed algorithm with four different methods using both synthetic and experimental datasets. The results show that C-Sym is the most accurate and precise algorithm when tracking micro-particles in all tested conditions and it has the potential for use in applications including tracking biota in their environment.
|
|
| 9. |
- Rodriguez, Alvaro, et al.
(author)
-
ToxTrac : a fast and robust software for tracking organisms
- 2018
-
In: Methods in Ecology and Evolution. - : British Ecological Society. - 2041-210X. ; 9:3, s. 460-464
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 1. Behavioral analysis based on video recording is becoming increasingly popular within research fields such as; ecology, medicine, ecotoxicology, and toxicology. However, the programs available to analyze the data, which are; free of cost, user-friendly, versatile, robust, fast and provide reliable statistics for different organisms (invertebrates, vertebrates and mammals) are significantly limited.2. We present an automated open-source executable software (ToxTrac) for image-based tracking that can simultaneously handle several organisms monitored in a laboratory environment. We compare the performance of ToxTrac with current accessible programs on the web.3. The main advantages of ToxTrac are: i) no specific knowledge of the geometry of the tracked bodies is needed; ii) processing speed, ToxTrac can operate at a rate >25 frames per second in HD videos using modern computers; iii) simultaneous tracking of multiple organisms in multiple arenas; iv) integrated distortion correction and camera calibration; v) robust against false positives; vi) preservation of individual identification; vii) useful statistics and heat maps in real scale are exported in image, text and excel formats.4. ToxTrac can be used for high speed tracking of insects, fish, rodents or other species, and provides useful locomotor information in animal behavior experiments. Download ToxTrac here: https://toxtrac.sourceforge.io (Current version v2.61).
|
|
| 10. |
- Stockfelt, Leo, 1981, et al.
(author)
-
Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution, Black Carbon, and Their Source Components in Relation to Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke
- 2019
-
In: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - Durham : National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 127:10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) in ambient air has been associated with cardiovascular mortality, but few studies have considered incident disease in relation to PM from different sources.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to study associations between long-term exposure to different types of PM and sources, and incident ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke in three Swedish cities.METHODS: ), and black carbon (BC) from road wear, traffic exhaust, residential heating, and other sources in Gothenburg, Stockholm, and Umeå. Registry data for participants from four cohorts were used to obtain incidence of IHD and stroke for first hospitalization or death. We constructed time windows of exposure for same-year, 1- to 5-y, and 6- to 10-y averages preceding incidence from annual averages at residential addresses. Risk estimates were based on random effects meta-analyses of cohort-specific Cox proportional hazard models.RESULTS: exposure from residential heating.DISCUSSION: Few consistent associations were observed between different particulate components and IHD or stroke. However, long-term residential exposure to locally emitted BC from traffic exhaust was associated with stroke incidence. The comparatively low exposure levels may have contributed to the paucity of associations.
|
|
