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- Erland, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of liming on ectomycorrhizal fungi infecting Pinus sylvestris L. 2. Growth-rates in pure culture at different ph values compared to growth-rates in symbiosis with the host plant
- 1990
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - 1469-8137. ; 115:4, s. 683-688
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growth rates of ectomycorrhizal fungi were measured in pure culture at pH 3-8 on MMN-agar and sterilized peat, with and without nutrients added. Mycorrhizas were synthesized with Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings and the growth rate of the external mycelium was measured in peat at pH 3.8 and 7.3. The fungi were three isolates of Piloderma croceum Erikss. & Hjorts., two isolates of an unidentified (pink) mycorrhizal type and one isolate of another unidentified (white long) mycorrhizal type, all isolated from P. sylvestris roots. All three fungi showed much higher (2-5 times) growth rates when grown as symbionts than when grown in pure culture. The P. croceum isolates also grew as symbionts at pH 7.3, where no growth occurred in pure culture. These findings emphasize the danger of generalizing from data obtained in pure culture studies to explain what may happen when fungi grow in symbiosis with host plants. Generally, growth rates in pure culture were higher and the pH tolerance levels were wider on agar than on peat. The exceptions were one P. croceum isolate, which had the fastest pure culture growth rate on peat with MMN, and the pink isolates, which grew at higher pH on peat than on agar. There were no significant differences between growth on peat with and without MMN.
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- Gustafsson, Stig-Inge, et al.
(författare)
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Factorial design for energy System Models
- 1994
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 19:8, s. 905-910
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mathematical models are extensively used in energy analysis and have increased in scope as better and faster computers have become available. With complicated systems, it is difficult to predict accurate results if doubtful input data are changed. Traditionally, sensitivity analysis with a change of one or more of the parameters is used. If the influence of a change is very small, the first result is believed to be accurate. Problems may arise when sensitivity analysis is applied to a vast amount of data. The aim of this paper is to examine whether the calculation effort can be decreased by using factorial design. Our model, called Opera (Optimal Energy Retrofit Advisory), is used to find the optimal retrofit strategy for a multi-family building. The optimal solution is characterised by the lowest possible life-cycle cost. Three parameters have been studied here: length of the optimisation period, real interest rate and existing U-value for an attic floor. The first two parameters are found to influence the life-cycle cost significantly, while the last is of minor importance for this cost. We also show that factorial analysis must be used with great care because the method does not reflect the complete situation.
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