| 1. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Iceland and the resumption of whaling: An empirical study of the attitudes of international tourists and whale-watch tour operators
- 2012
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Ingår i: Whale-Watching: Sustainable Tourism and Ecological Management. - Cambridge : Cambridge university press. - 9781139018166 ; , s. 95-109
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter investigates how the resumption of Icelandic whaling has impacted the whale-watching tourism industry in Iceland viewed both from a demand side and a supply side. The impact on international tourists and domestic whale-watching tour operators’ attitudes were subjects of a case study from Iceland in 2007. After an introduction to Icelandic whale-watching and the Icelandic whaling situation, the results of this case study are presented. In the concluding section the development of whale-watching tourism in Iceland from 1995 to 2009 is viewed and analysed through these two perspectives. Whaling versus the whale-watching tourism industry For a number of reasons, the coexistence of whaling and whale-watching has been described as incompatible (Hoyt & Hvenegaard, 2002). Removal of whales and disturbances or changes to their regular activities are direct effects of whaling. Whaling will thus reduce the number of existing whales for whale-watching at the same time as it can cause avoidance responses to boats in several ways, such as increases in dive intervals (Baker et al., 1988; MacGibbon, 1991; Janik & Thompson, 1996) and changes in movement and direction (Edds & MacFarlane, 1987; Salvado et al., 1992; Bejder et al., 1999; Nowacek et al., 2001) which are caused by the presence and navigation of vessels on the water in proximity to animals (Constantine, 2001). Other potential implications of the coexistence are negative attitudes towards the destination image by whale-watchers as well as other tourists. There are, however, some proponents of the Icelandic resumption of commercial whaling who say that it is possible for commercial whaling and whale-watching to coexist and that money can be gained from both whaling and whale-watching (e.g. Moyle & Evans, 2001 cited in Parsons & Rawles, 2003). In Iceland and Norway, the whale-watching industry exists side by side with the whaling industry. © Cambridge University Press 2014.
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| 2. |
- Alverén, Ellen, et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal employees' intention to return and do more than expected
- 2012
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Ingår i: Service Industries Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-2069 .- 1743-9507. ; 32:12, s. 1957-1972
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seasonal employment is important in the service industries. Having motivated and satisfied employees is fundamental when front-line employees play a key role for the customers' perceived service quality. Seasonal work differs from permanent employment in many aspects and if managed properly, this could be a competitive advantage and contribute to the success of an organization. This study focuses on seasonal employees' intention to return and to do more than expected at work as well as the relationships between certain motivational factors and job satisfaction. A survey was carried out at four ski resorts with 477 respondents. Correlation and regression analyses indicate that job satisfaction influences the intention to return but does not have a strong influence on organizational citizenship behaviour (i.e. doing more than expected at work). The results improve our understanding of seasonal workers' motivation and behaviour. The concluding part discusses managerial implications.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Commensurability and sustainability: Triple impact assessments of a tourism event
- 2013
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Ingår i: Tourism Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5177 .- 1879-3193. ; 37, s. 99-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a model for measuring impacts of a tourist event from sustainability perspectives and in a common monetary metric is developed. The aim is to achieve commensurability. The proposed model is tested on a three-day music festival and the results demonstrate a possibility to produce a sustainability impact analysis in a uniform metric. Measured in monetary terms, socio-cultural impacts carry weight just as economic impacts do whereas environmental impacts have little importance for the total assessment. This illustrates how the low market value of emission rights make environmental concerns negligible from an economic perspective. Finally, issues related to scope of the assessment, commensurability and opportunity cost are discussed and possibilities for future studies are suggested. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating Use and Non-use Values of a Music Festival
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 12:3, s. 215-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Impacts of a music festival may appear in many forms and research in the area of impact assessments is at present developing wider perspectives than being limited to economic impact assessments. Concepts like social, cultural and environmental impacts are now appropriate and traditional cost–benefit analysis is regaining momentum. The purpose of this study was first, to discuss how the value of a festival can be assessed and understood within a cost–benefit framework. Second, it was to evaluate a Scandinavian music festival in terms of Use and Non-use values by the contingent valuation method. The results illustrate the implications of a wider perspective regarding the impacts of a festival. Use value, representing the core experience, is the largest value (€7.4 million) but Non-use value is also important (€3 million). The latter includes the perceived value of externalities such as socio-cultural and environmental impacts which are highly relevant from a sustainability perspective. One conclusion is that Use and Non-use values within a cost–benefit framework can help managers and researchers understand value creation of festivals better.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Factors that Influence Event Sponsorship
- 2011
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Ingår i: Management Culture in the 21st Century. Proceedings of the European Academy of Management 11th Annual Meeting. - 9789985982471
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article contributes to sponsorship research as well as to event management theory and practice by systematically examining a number of factors that influence grant and sponsorship revenue for events (festivals). Data from 260 festival managers in Australia, Norway, Sweden and UK are compared with respect to their events’ revenue sources, ownership and other factors thought to influence revenue. Statistical tests reveal that event size (i.e., attendance), professionalism (as measured by staff numbers) and the "fit" between event and sponsor (as measured by type of event correlated with sponsor type and grant sources) significantly affect event revenue, and a number of practical management implications are discussed. Future research needs and theory development are discussed in the conclusions, focused on a new set of propositions derived from the analysis.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Factors explaining the use-value of sport event experiences
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Event and Festival Management. - 1758-2954 .- 1758-2962. ; 5:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose and test a model explaining the value of event experiences. Design/methodology/approach – Three versions of the explanatory model are tested by regression analysis of data from a survey of 650 visitors to a sports event. Findings – The three model versions are significant and explain the value of event experiences with satisfactory R2 values (0.29, 0.46 and 0.68) using the concepts “Extent of visit”, “Experience intensity” and “Expenditure”. The measures of event experiences (Use-Value, Direct Use-Value as well as Indirect Use-Value) meet requirements for reliability and validity. Originality/value – The paper reveals that explanatory models are basic but novel in a sports event context and provide a basis for further research. Furthermore, the definition of Indirect Use-Value has been clarified and adapted for higher relevance to destination managers focusing on event tourism.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Factors Influencing Grant and Sponsorship Revenue for Festivals
- 2013
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Ingår i: Event Management. - 1525-9951. ; 17:3, s. 195-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article contributes to event management theory and practice, and more generally to sponsorship research, by examining grant and sponsorship revenue for festivals. In particular, a number of factors that appear to influence the amounts and sources of external revenues are examined for significant differences. Data obtained from 260 festival managers in Australia, Norway, Sweden, and UK are compared with respect to their events’ revenue sources, ownership, and other factors thought to influence revenue. Statistical tests reveal that festival size (i.e., attendance), professionalism (as measured by staff members), and the “fit” between event and sponsor (as measured by type of event correlated with different sponsors and grant sources) significantly affect festival revenue. It is argued in the conclusion that by applying certain strategies festival managers can enhance their external revenue generation and support. Future research needs and theory development are discussed in the conclusions, focused on a new set of propositions derived from the analysis.
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