| 1. |
- Bischoff-Ferrari, H A, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial and geriatric correlates of functional status after total hip replacement
- 2004
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Ingår i: Arthritis and Rheumatism. - : Wiley. - 1529-0131 .- 0004-3591. ; 51:5, s. 829-835
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To determine whether psychosocial factors, chronic diseases, and common geriatric problems are associated with poor physical function 3 years after primary total hip replacement (THR). Methods. We studied a sample of Medicare recipients in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Colorado (n = 922) who underwent primary THR in 1995 (mean +/- SD age 73.1 +/- 5.6 years, 32% men). Participants completed a questionnaire regarding lifestyle factors, medical history, and quality of life similar to3 years after the surgery. Physical function was measured using the function subscale of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index. We assessed the relationship between functional outcome 3 years postsurgery and 4 predictor domains: pain or complications in the operated hip, other musculoskeletal comorbidity, medical factors (obesity, chronic medical comorbidity, rheumatoid arthritis, and such common geriatric problems as falls, poor balance, or incontinence), and psychosocial factors (mental health, regular alcohol consumption, smoking, provider role, living alone, and education). Results. Ten percent of subjects had poor functional status. In a logistic regression model controlling for sex and age, the following factors were associated with an increased risk for poor functional status (in order of importance): pain in the back or lower extremity, severe pain in the operated hip, poor mental health, more than 1 common geriatric problem, obesity, and less than college education. Conclusion. Pain in the operated hip was strongly associated with poor functional status 3 years after THR. However, other factors associated with poor functional status were not related to the hip. Our results suggest that a comprehensive assessment of functional status in elderly THR patients should include assessment of common geriatric problems, mental health status, and weight.
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| 2. |
- Holmen, T L, et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences in the impact of adolescent smoking on lung function and respiratory symptoms. the Nord-Trondelag Health Study, Norway, 1995-1997
- 2002
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-3064 .- 0954-6111. ; 96:10, s. 796-804
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Girls take up smoking at least as frequently as boys. Few studies have focused on gender differences in the impact of adolescent smoking. We evaluated the sex-specific effect of adolescent smoking on respiratory symptoms and lung function. All students in junior high and high schools in Nord-Trondelag County Norway, 1995-97, were invited to participate in a cross-sectional study. Information on smoking habits and respiratory symptoms was obtained by self-administered questionnaires. Spirometry was performed in accordance with ATS standards. Eight-thousand-three-hundred and five students (83%) completed both questionnaire and spirometry. Among 6811 students aged 13-18 years (50.3% girls) with no history of asthma, 2993 (43.9%) reported never smoking, 665 (98%) reported occasional smoking, and 667 (9.9%) reported daily smoking (mean initiation age: 13.9 years). More boys than girls were heavy smokers. In all smoking categories, smokers reported a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms than nonsmokers; symptoms increased with smoke burden. Girls reported more symptoms compared to boys with comparable smoke burden. A dose-response relation between smoking and reduced lung function was found only in girls. Girls were more vulnerable than boys to the impact of smoking on respiratory symptoms and lung function.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Barrett, J H, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of interaction between N-acetyltransferase 2 and heterocyclic amines as potential risk factors for colorectal cancer
- 2003
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Ingår i: Carcinogenesis. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0143-3334 .- 1460-2180. ; 24:2, s. 275-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fast N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) acetylators may be at increased risk of colorectal cancer through the activation of carcinogenic heterocyclic amines (HA), which are produced by meat cooked at high temperatures and are found in cigarette smoke. A study of 500 incident colorectal cancer cases and population controls, matched for age, sex and general practitioner, was conducted in the UK to investigate this hypothesis. Usual meat intake and lifetime smoking habits were estimated using a detailed questionnaire administered by interview. Subjects also indicated how well cooked they ate their meat. Subjects were classified as fast or slow NAT2 acetylators on the basis of NAT2 genotype. Complete genotype data were available on 433 matched pairs. The risk of colorectal cancer showed a steady increase with meat intake, rising to an odds ratio of 1.51 [95% confidence interval (1.03, 2.23)] for the highest versus the lowest quartile, after adjustment for total energy intake, and this was even more pronounced for red meat [odds ratio 1.97 (1.30, 2.98)]. However, this effect was not influenced by the preference for well-done meat. Smoking was also associated with an increased risk [odds ratio 1.47 (1.10, 1.98) for ever- versus never-smokers]. In both cases and controls similar to40% of subjects were classified as fast acetylators, and the risks associated with (red) meat intake and smoking did not vary with NAT2 status. This study provides no support for the hypothesis that fast NAT2 acetylators are at increased risk of colorectal cancer, even if exposed to high levels of HA from well-cooked meat or smoking.
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| 5. |
- Friesema, ECH, et al.
(författare)
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Association between mutations in a thyroid hormone transporter and severe X-linked psychomotor retardation
- 2004
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 364:9443, s. 1435-1437
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is a thyroid hormone transporter, the gene of which is located on the X chromosome. We tested whether mutations in MCT8 cause severe psychomotor retardation and high serum triiodothyronine (T,) concentrations in five unrelated young boys. The coding sequence of MCT8 was analysed by PCR and direct sequencing of its six exons. In two patients, gene deletions of 2.4 kb and 24 kb were recorded and in three patients missense mutations Ala150Va1, Arg171stop, and Leu397Pro were identified. We suggest that this novel syndrome of X-linked psychomotor retardation is due to a defect in T-3 entry into neurons through MCT8, resulting in impaired T-3 action and metabolism.
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| 6. |
- Holmen, T L, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescent occasional smokers, a target group for smoking cessation? The Nord-Trondelag Health Study, Norway, 1995-1997
- 2000
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-0260 .- 0091-7435. ; 31:6, s. 682-690
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Adolescent smokers are often unsuccessful in quitting and difficult to retain in cessation programs. In health promotion, focusing on the right target groups is essential. Aim. The aim was to examine if adolescent occasional smokers differ from daily smokers, and if possible differences could be useful for targeted smoking cessation programs. METHODS: Ninety-one percent of all teenagers attending junior high or high schools participated in a cross-sectional study, conducted in Nord-Trondelag County, Norway, 1995-1997, including 8,460 students 13-18 years old. Information on smoking habits, education, after school activities, and parents was obtained by self-administered questionnaires. RESULTS: Fifty-four percent of boys and 57% of girls had tried at least one cigarette. Of these, 36% of boys and 41% of girls were current smokers, half of whom reported occasional smoking. Students who had quit smoking had more often been occasional than daily smokers. Compared to daily smokers, occasional smokers participated in higher academic courses, were more engaged in organized activities and sports, had been drunk less often, and had better family role models. CONCLUSION: Differences support potential utility of focusing on occasional smokers as a special target group in smoking cessation programs.
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| 7. |
- Schlatter, Denis, et al.
(författare)
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Chemostratigraphy of metamorphosed and altered Paleoproterozoic volcanic rocks associated with massive sulfide deposits at Rävliden and Kristineberg West, Skellefte district, Sweden
- 2003
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Ingår i: Mineral exploration and sustainable development. - Rotterdam : Millpress. - 9077017771 ; , s. 1103-1106
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Rävliden and Kristineberg massive sulfide deposits in northern Sweden are hosted by Paleoproterozoic volcanic rocks of the Skellefte group. At Kristineberg West, exploration drilling on the 1000 m level, 1 km west of the operating mine, has encountered various types of sulfide mineralization hosted by volcanic rocks. At Rävliden, a further 2.5 km to the west, massive sulfides occur near the top of the volcanic sequence, which is overlain by graphitic sedimentary rocks of the Vargfors group. In both areas, the original rock types generally cannot be identified visually, as the rocks are altered and metamorphosed to schistose assemblages including muscovite, chlorite, phlogopite, talc, quartz, cordierite, and andalusite. However, application of immobile-element methods to 165 new whole-rock analyses, together with relogging and petrographic observations, has allowed 6 main chemical rock types to be identified. These have been used to establish the chemostratigraphic sequence in each area. Mineralization is hosted mainly by rhyolites, of which there are at least three subtypes; intervals of dacite and andesite are also present. The sedimentary rocks that overlie the Rävliden ores have a distinctive composition that has not been found in the area of the Kristineberg West ores, which supports the idea that the latter ores lie lower in the Skellefte group than the Rävliden ores.
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| 8. |
- Schlatter, Denis, et al.
(författare)
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Stratigraphy of the Petiknäs South volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposit, Skellefte district, Sweden
- 2004
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Petiknäs South VMS deposit in the eastern part of the early Proterozoic Skellefte mining district contained 6 Mt of Zn-Cu-Pb-Au-Ag ore prior to mining. The deposit occurs on the southern limb of a major anticline, dips subvertically, and youngs southwards. The main alteration minerals are sericite, chlorite, quartz, carbonate, talc and carbonate. Two cross sections and one plan section have been constructed on the basis of detailed logging of 35 drill cores, 400 whole-rock analyses and 100 thin sections. Chemostratigraphic units were identified using lithogeochemical techniques. Excluding post-ore andesite sills, the north to south sequence is: feldspar-porphyritic rhyolitic sill; C and B ore lenses hosted by rhyolitic tuffaceous sandstone; andesitic pumiceous mass flows; felsic and intermediate tuffaceous sandstones and siltstones hosting the D and A ore lenses; and a fault followed by rhyodacitic feldspar-quartz porphyry. Prior to andesite sill injection, the C and B ores formed a single massive sulphide lens within a thin interval of rhyolitic volcaniclastic rocks. The D and A ores formed at a stratigraphically higher level, in an interval of alternating rhyolitic and andesitic gravity flow deposits. Weakly altered feldspar-porphyritic rhyolite sills with peperitic margins were then intruded into the felsic volcaniclastic rocks directly below the C+B ore lens. In summary, the two main horizons of ore formation at Petiknäs South are associated with felsic volcaniclastic intervals; coherent felsic rocks occur only as slightly post-ore intrusions. Similar volcanic successions have been recognized elsewhere in the Skellefte district, e.g. at the Renström mine 3 kilometers to the east.
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