| 1. |
- Andersson, Viktor, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Techno-economic analysis of excess heat driven post-combustion CCS at an oil refinery
- 2016
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In: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 1750-5836. ; 45, s. 130-138
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Carbon capture and storage may, as a bridging technology, rapidly decrease CO2 emissions in the industrial sector. In this paper, a techno-economic study of a future MEA carbon capture plant implemented at a case study oil refinery is presented. Costs are calculated for six setups of carbon capture at the refinery. Excess heat from the refinery processes is used in the capture plant for regeneration of the absorption fluid, and the stripper reboiler temperature is varied to increase the extractable of excess heat. Supplementary heating is carried out with a heat pump. The number of chimneys to be included in the capture process is also varied, resulting in different CO2 concentrations and amounts of CO2 at the inlet of the capture plant. Results show that the specific cost for carbon capture increases as the amount of captured carbon increases due to the need for heat pumps. The costs are in the range of 41-57(sic)/t for the low-temperature cases (T-Reb =90 degrees C) and 39-44(sic)/t for the high-temperature cases (T-Reb = 120 degrees C).
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Berntsson, Thore, 1947
(author)
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Energy-Related Cooperation Projects between Chalmers and Process Industries in West Sweden: A Compilation of Ongoing and Recently Finalized Activities
- 2015
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This report provides an overview of R&D cooperation between Chalmers University of Technology and the process industry on the Swedish West Coast, in many cases also in cooperation with research institutes and regional organisations. This extensive cooperation is, at least in some respects, unique in an international perspective. In order to limit the size of the report, only the process industries with significant cooperation with Chalmers have been included. This cooperation has mainly dealt with activities directed towards energy efficiency and conversion as well as CO2 emissions reduction. The main aims of this report are to: • increase awareness among all stakeholders on the Swedish West Coast about the projects, major actors in different projects as well as major findings so far • increase the awareness within Chalmers about magnitude and breadth of activities (e. g. for identifying new opportunities for multi-disciplinary research) • increase the awareness externally, nationally and internationally, in order to promote increased R&D and industrial cooperation as well as national and international (e. g. EU) funding of unique demonstration projects • identify opportunities for synergy effects and common conclusions between the different projects • provide a platform for discussions on further cooperation areas and forms for such cooperation.
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| 4. |
- Bonhivers, Jean-Christophe, et al.
(author)
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Energy Transfer Diagram for Site-Wide Analysis and Application to a Kraft Pulp Mill
- 2015
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In: Applied Thermal Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-4311. ; 75, s. 547-560
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In industrial processes, heat is transferred from the heating utilities to the environment or converted to another form of energy. Process operations and heat exchanges decrease the level of energy quality; i.e., heat is cascaded to lower temperatures. The energy transfer diagram (ETD), which has been recently developed, indicates the flow rate of heat transferred from the utilities to the environment through each process operation and each heat exchanger as a function of temperature. This tool can be used to identify heat savings projects by modification of the process units and the heat-exchanger network (HEN). However, in a larger sense the diagram indicates the flow rate of energy transferred through any system as a function of the level of energy quality, and can be used for the analysis of a complete plant, including the thermal, chemical, mechanical and electrical transformations. This paper presents new developments to consider energy conversion with the ETD, the application to an entire kraft pulp mill, including the HEN, the process operations, and the utility system, and results from site-wide analysis.
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| 5. |
- Holmgren, Kristina, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Comparison of integration options for gasification-based biofuel production systems - Economic and greenhouse gas emission implications
- 2016
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In: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 111, s. 272-294
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The impact of different integration options for gasification-based biofuel production systems producing synthetic natural gas, methanol and FT (Fischer-Tropsch) fuels on the NAP (net annual profit), FPC (fuel production cost) and the GHG (greenhouse gas) emission reduction potential are analysed. The considered integration options are heat deliveries to DH (district heating) systems or to nearby industries and integration with infrastructure for CO2 storage. The comparison is made to stand-alone configurations in which the excess heat is used for power production. The analysis considers future energy market scenarios and case studies in southwestern Sweden. The results show that integration with DH systems has small impacts on the NAP and the FPC and diverging (positive or negative) impacts on the GHG emissions. Integration with industries has positive effects on the economic and GHG performances in all scenarios. The FPCs are reduced by 7-8% in the methanol case and by 12-13% in the FT production case. The GHG emission reductions are strongly dependent on the reference power production. The storage of separated CO2 shows an increase in the GHG emission reduction potential of 70-100% for all systems, whereas the impacts on the economic performances are strongly dependent on the CO2e-charge.
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| 6. |
- Holmgren, K. M., et al.
(author)
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Perspectives on Investment Cost Estimates for Gasification-Based Biofuel Production Systems
- 2015
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In: Chemical Engineering Transactions. - 2283-9216. ; 45, s. 427-432
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study presents investment cost estimates for three different gasification based biofuel production systems producing synthetic natural gas (SNG), methanol and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) fuels. A comparison of cost estimates for similar systems presented in the scientific literature and technical reports was also made. The comparison is made on a common basis for a gasifier capacity of 480 MWth LHV biomass input. Results show that for all three fuels most of the compared estimates fall within the similar to 30 % uncertainty range of a study estimate. The Chemical Plant Cost Index (CEPCI) was used for updating cost estimates to the money value in 2012. An analysis of the impact of using alternative cost escalating indices showed that two of the most commonly used cost escalating indices, the CEPCI and CERA DCCI (downstream capital cost index), gave differences in total plant investment of as much as 30 % for long or specific updating periods. For short updating periods the difference was small. These results underline the importance of sensitivity analysis for investment costs in the analysis of profitability for 2nd generation biofuel plants.
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| 7. |
- Holmgren, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Profitability and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Gasification-based Biofuel Production - analysis of sector specific policy instruments and comparison to conventional biomass conversion technologies.
- 2018
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In: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 165:Part A, s. 997-1007
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The required level of a sector specific CO2e-cost in the transport sector to make the net annual profit (NAP) of three different gasification based biofuel production systems positive (systems profitable) is investigated. The analysis is made for two different energy market scenarios for 2030 and 2040. The results show that the additional required sector specific CO2e-cost (additional to a sector wide general cost) is not higher than the current level of CO2e-tax in Sweden. The required total level of CO2e-cost for the transport sector is in the 450 ppmv scenario in general higher than the current CO2-tax level but not higher than the fuel tax level (including also energy tax).The study also compares the NAP and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction potential of the gasification-based systems to a system where the biomass is used in conventional bio-CHP to produce heat and power and where the power is used in the transport sector (in battery electric vehicles (BEV)). Under the investigated energy market scenarios the bio-CHP and BEV system has higher NAP and higher GHG emission reduction potential. However, the bio-CHP system has a stronger dependency on the availability of large heat sinks and profits from a high price of delivered heat.
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| 8. |
- Holmgren, Kristina, 1977, et al.
(author)
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The influence of biomass supply chains and by-products on the greenhouse gas emissions from gasification-based bio-SNG production systems
- 2015
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In: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442. ; 90, s. 148-162
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study analyses the impact on the GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions of the raw material supply chain, the utilisation of excess heat and CO2 storage for a bio-SNG (biomass gasification-based synthetic natural gas) system by applying a consequential life cycle assessment approach. The impact of the biomass supply chain is analysed by assessing GHG emissions of locally produced woodchips and pellets with regional or transatlantic origin. Results show that the supply area for the gasification plant can be substantially increased with only modest increases in overall GHG emissions (3-5%) by using regionally produced pellets. The transatlantic pellet chains contribute to significantly higher GHG emissions. Utilising excess heat for power generation or steam delivery for industrial use contributes to lower emissions from the system, whereas delivery of district heating can contribute to either increased or decreased emissions. The production technology of the replaced heat and the carbon intensity of the reference power production were decisive for the benefits of the heat deliveries. Finally, the storage of CO2 separated from the syngas upgrading and from the flue gases of the gasifier can nearly double the GHG emission reduction potential of the bio-SNG system. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Isaksson, Johan, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Transportation fuel production from gasified biomass integrated with a pulp and paper mill – Part A : Heat integration and system performance
- 2016
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In: Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 103, s. 557-571
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Production of transportation fuels from biorefineries via biomass gasification has been suggested as a way of introducing renewable alternatives in the transportation system with an aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. By co-locating gasification-based processes within heat demanding industries, excess heat from the gasification process can replace fossil or renewable fuels. The objective of this study was to compare the heat integration potential of four different gasification-based biorefinery concepts with a chemical pulp and paper mill. The results showed that the choice of end-product which was either methanol, Fischer-Tropsch crude, synthetic natural gas or electricity, can have significant impact on the heat integration potential with a pulp and paper mill and that the heat saving measures implemented in the mill in connection to integration of a gasification process can increase the biomass resource efficiency by up to 3%-points. Heat saving measures can reduce the necessary biomass input to the biorefinery by 50% if the sizing constraint is to replace the bark boiler with excess heat from the biorefinery. A large integrated gasification process with excess steam utilisation in a condensing turbine was beneficial only if grid electricity is produced at below 30% electrical efficiency.
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| 10. |
- Isaksson, Johan, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Transportation fuel production from gasified biomass integrated with a pulp and paper mill - Part B : Analysis of economic performance and greenhouse gas emissions
- 2016
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In: Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 103, s. 522-532
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a comparison between four gasification-based biorefineries integrated with a pulp and paper mill. It is a continuation of ‘Transportation fuel production from gasified biomass integrated with a pulp and paper mill - Part A: Heat integration and system performance’. Synthesis into methanol, Fischer-Tropsch crude or synthetic natural gas, or electricity generation in a gas turbine combined cycle, were evaluated. The concepts were assessed in terms of GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions and economic performance. Net annual profits were positive for all biofuel cases for an annuity factor of 0.1 in the year 2030; however, the results are sensitive to biofuel selling prices and CO2,eq charge. Additionally, GHG emissions from grid electricity are highly influential on the results since all biofuel processes require external power. Credits for stored CO2 might be necessary for processes to be competitive, i.e. storage of separated CO2 from the syngas conditioning has an important role to play. Without CO2 storage, the gas turbine case is better than, or equal to, biofuels regarding GHG emissions. Efficiency measures at the host mill prior to heat integration of a gasification process are beneficial from the perspective of GHG emissions, while having a negative impact on the economy.
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