| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Borgström, F, et al.
(författare)
-
The cost-effectiveness of risedronate in the UK for the management of osteoporosis using the FRAX(R).
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study estimated the cost-effectiveness of risedronate compared to no treatment in UK women using the FRAX algorithm for fracture risk assessment. A Markov cohort model was used to estimate the cost-effectiveness. Risedronate was found cost-effective from the age of 65 years, assuming a willingness to pay for a QALY of pound30,000. INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of risedronate for the prevention and treatment in a UK setting using the FRAX(R) algorithm for fracture risk assessment. A further aim was to establish intervention thresholds with risedronate treatment. METHODS: The cost-effectiveness of risedronate was compared to no treatment in post-menopausal women with clinical risk factors for fracture using a Markov cohort model populated with data relevant for the UK. The model incorporated the features of FRAX(R) (the WHO risk assessment tool). The analysis had a health care perspective and quality adjusted life years was used as the main outcome measure. RESULTS: Treatment was cost-effective from the age of 65 years, assuming a willingness to pay for a QALY of pound30,000. Treatment was also cost-effective at all ages in women who had previously sustained a fragility fracture or in women with a parental history of hip fracture with a bone mineral density set at the threshold of osteoporosis. At the pound30,000 threshold value for a QALY, risedronate was on average found to cost-effective below the 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fractures of 13.0%. CONCLUSIONS: Risedronate is a cost-effective agent for the treatment of established osteoporosis (osteoporosis and a prior fragility fracture) in women from the age of 50 years and older and above 65 years in women with osteoporosis alone. The results support the treatment recommendations in recent UK guidelines for osteoporosis.
|
|
| 3. |
- Borgström, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Sensitized hole injection of phosphorus porphyrin into NiO : Toward new photovoltaic devices
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 109:48, s. 22928-22934
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the preparation and the characterization of a photovoltaic cell based on the sensitization of a wide band gap p-type semiconductor (NiO) with a phosphorus porphyrin. A photophysical study with femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy showed that light excitation of the phosphorus porphyrin chemisorbed on NiO particles induces a very rapid interfacial hole injection into the valence band of NiO, occurring mainly on the 2-20 ps time scale. This is followed by a recombination in which ca. 80% of the ground-state reactants are regenerated within 1 ns. A photoelectrochernical device, prepared with a nanocrystalline NiO electrode coated with the phosphorus porphyrin, yields a cathodic photocurrent indicating that electrons indeed flow from the NiO electrode toward the solution. The low incident-to-photocurrent efficiency (IPCE) can be rationalized by the rapid back recombination reaction between the reduced sensitizer and the injected hole which prevents an efficient regeneration of the sensitizer ground state from the iodide/triiodide redox mediator. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first example of a photovoltaic cell in which a mechanism of hole photoinjection has been characterized.
|
|
| 4. |
- Fjällhed, Anders, 1960-
(författare)
-
Flyktingskapets situation och möjlighet : Colombianska flyktingbarn i Venezuela och Sverige
- 2009
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is about the situation and possibilities in a refugee situation. The aim is to deepen the understanding of the situation for Colombian refugee children and how they are able to handle the adjustments related to a refugee situation, both in a neighbouring country like Venezuela and in a foreign country like Sweden. First, quantitative data were collected and analyzed in order to obtain a general picture of the situation for the refugee children. Further, grounded theory was used to analyze some of the interviews, which resulted in a generated theory. During the process of developing the theory, a case study was carried out with a Colombian refugee family in Sweden. The interviewed persons are fifty Colombian refugee children (boys, girls, and teenagers) who lived in the border states of Venezuela, and a Colombian refugee family (the parents and their two children) who now live in Sweden. The generated theory deals with how the refugee children are able to relate to and manage the new refugee situation. The core concept is possibility-finding: the developed ability to find possibilities in the refugee situation. It is a way of thinking as well as practical action. The latter is evident in the way the refugee children see the possibilities and deal with the challenges and problems they are facing. By the solutions they find and the results that are developing into growth. All of this influences and helps to build up their personal stability. The foundations that emerge, and which support or strain possibility-finding, are peace, culture, language, and networks like familyship and friendship. There is an emphasis on the importance of peace and dreams in order to handle times of huge challenges.
|
|
| 5. |
- Hjalmarsson, Claes, et al.
(författare)
-
Activated Protein C-Protein C Inhibitor Complex, Activation Peptide of Carboxypeptidase B and C-Reactive Protein as Predictors of Severe Acute Pancreatitis.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Pancreatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1424-3903. ; 9:5, s. 700-707
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The concentration of carboxypeptidase B activation peptide (CAPAP) is proposed to be a predictor of severe acute pancreatitis. The activated protein C (APC)-protein C inhibitor (PCI; APC-PCI) complex in plasma could be useful in detecting the hypercoagulative condition in severe acute pancreatitis. Method: In this prospective study, mild (n = 50) and severe (n = 9) cases of acute pancreatitis were compared with respect to levels of CAPAP and APC-PCI, and sorted in time intervals from onset of symptoms to sampling. The peak values of the C-reactive protein (CRP) within the 1st week were also compared. Results: CRP detected the severe cases with a sensitivity of 0.89 and a specificity of 0.74 (cut-off level 200 mg/l). In the interval 0-72 h, CAPAP could predict the severity of the disease in serum and urine (sensitivity 0.52/0.29, specificity 0.73/0.93, cut-off 2 nM/60 nM). The level of APC-PCI in plasma could predict the severe condition in the interval 0-24 h after the onset of symptoms (sensitivity 0.6, specificity 0.66, cut-off level 0.54 mug/l). Conclusion: Of the parameters explored, CRP is still the best biochemical marker to distinguish between severe and mild acute pancreatitis. CAPAP could be useful in combination with other tests, but the APC-PCI complex's diagnostic time interval is too short to be used in the clinical routine. and IAP.
|
|
| 6. |
- Johansen, Dorthe, et al.
(författare)
-
Different Markers of Alcohol Consumption, Smoking and Body Mass Index in Relation to Risk of Pancreatic Cancer. A Prospective Cohort Study within the Malmö Preventive Project.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Pancreatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1424-3903. ; 9:5, s. 677-686
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aim: The association between alcohol consumption and pancreatic cancer is not clear. This study investigates different prediagnostic measurements of alcohol consumption, a laboratory marker (gamma-glutamyltransferase; gamma-GT), and a score measuring alcohol addiction (Mm-MAST), in relation to the risk of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, the study investigated whether smoking and alcohol consumption interact with each other, or if the risk of pancreatic cancer associated with these factors is modified by obesity or weight gain. Methods: A cohort of 33,346 subjects provided prediagnostic information on the above factors. During a mean follow-up of 22.1 years, 183 cases of pancreatic cancer occurred. Cox's analysis yielded relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The highest gamma-GT quartile was associated with a high risk of pancreatic cancer (RR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.34-3.44), and this association was even stronger in subjects that reported a previous weight gain (RR = 3.61, 95% CI = 1.29-10.09). A high Mm-MAST score was also associated with pancreatic cancer (p = 0.02). Current smoking was associated with pancreatic cancer (RR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.60-3.43), and obese smokers had an even higher risk (RR = 7.45, 95% CI = 1.65-33.64). Conclusion: High alcohol intake is associated with subsequent risk of pancreatic cancer and this risk may be higher following weight gain. The risk associated with smoking may be even higher in obese subjects. and IAP.
|
|
| 7. |
- Kanis, John A, et al.
(författare)
-
FRAX and its applications to clinical practice
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Bone. - : Elsevier BV. - 8756-3282 .- 1873-2763. ; 44:5, s. 734-43
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of the WHO FRAX algorithms has facilitated the assessment of fracture risk on the basis of fracture probability. FRAX integrates the influence of several well validated risk factors for fracture with or without the use of BMD. Its use in fracture risk prediction poses challenges for patient assessment, the development of practice guidelines, the evaluation of drug efficacy and reimbursement, as well as for health economics which are the topics outlined in this review.
|
|
| 8. |
- Lindkvist, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
A Prospective Cohort Study of Smoking in Acute Pancreatitis.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Pancreatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1424-3903. ; 8:1, s. 63-70
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: Little is known about risk factors for acute pancreatitis other than gallstones and alcohol consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate if smoking or body mass index (BMI) are associated with acute pancreatitis and to determine relative risks (RR) for acute pancreatitis related to smoking, BMI, and alcohol consumption. Methods: From 1974 to 1992, selected birth-year cohorts of residents in Malmo, Sweden (born 1921-1949) were invited to a health-screening investigation including physical examination, blood sampling and a questionnaire. In total, 33,346 individuals participated. Cases of acute pancreatitis were identified from diagnosis registries (n = 179). Incidence rates were calculated in different risk factor categories. A Cox's analysis revealed RR. Results: Current versus never smoking at baseline was associated with acute pancreatitis (RR 2.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48-3.09) after adjustment for age, sex, BMI and alcohol consumption. This association was stronger in heavy smokers (20-30 cigarettes/day) (RR 3.19, 95% CI 2.03-5.00). Smoking was associated with a RR of 3.57 (95% CI 0.98-13.0) for acute pancreatitis in subjects who reported no alcohol consumption. An increased risk for acute pancreatitis was also found for high versus low risk, self-reported alcohol consumption (RR 2.55, 95% CI 1.59-4.08) and for gamma-GT levels in the highest versus the lowest quartile (RR 2.14, 95% CI 1.32-3.49). There was also a weak correlation between BMI and acute pancreatitis. Conclusions: Smoking is associated with the incidence of acute pancreatitis in a dose-response manner. Copyright (c) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel and IAP.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Lindkvist, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Cathepsin B activates human trypsinogen 1 but not proelastase 2 or procarboxypeptidase B
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Pancreatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1424-3903. ; 6:3, s. 224-231
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: Activation of trypsinogen to trypsin is a crucial step in the development of acute pancreatitis. The cause of this activation is not known although suggested explanations include autoactivation, cathepsin B-mediated activation and activation by mast cell tryptase. The aim of this study was to investigate cathepsin B and tryptase activation of pancreatic zymogens. Methods: Trypsinogen-1, proelastase, and procarboxypeptidase B were purified from human pancreatic juice. Human cathepsin B and beta I- tryptase are commercial products. Activation and degradation of zymogens were measured by activity towards specific substrates for trypsin and pancreatic elastase, ELISAs for procarboxypeptidase B and its activation peptide, and a radioimmunoassay for the trypsinogen activation peptide. Results: Cathepsin B caused activation of trypsinogen-1 with a trypsin yield of about 30% of that produced by enterokinase. Proelastase and procarboxypeptidase B was not activated by cathepsin B. None of the zymogens were inactivated by cathepsin B. Neither monomeric nor tetrameric tryptase could activate any of the examined zymogens. Conclusion: Cathepsin B is a competent activator of trypsinogen-1, although not as efficient as enterokinase. If cathepsin B is to play a role in protease activation in acute pancreatitis, this most probably occurs by activation of trypsinogen.
|
|
