| 1. |
- Griese, Julia J., et al.
(författare)
-
Structural Basis for Oxygen Activation at a Heterodinuclear Manganese/Iron Cofactor
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - : American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 290:42, s. 25254-25272
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two recently discovered groups of prokaryotic di-metal carboxylate proteins harbor a heterodinuclear Mn/Fe cofactor. These are the class Ic ribonucleotide reductase R2 proteins and a group of oxidases that are found predominantly in pathogens and extremophiles, called R2-like ligand-binding oxidases (R2lox). We have recently shown that the Mn/Fe cofactor of R2lox self-assembles from Mn-II and Fe-II in vitro and catalyzes formation of a tyrosine-valine ether cross-link in the protein scaffold (Griese, J. J., Roos, K., Cox, N., Shafaat, H. S., Branca, R.M., Lehtio , J., Graslund, A., Lubitz, W., Siegbahn, P. E., and Hogbom, M. (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110, 1718917194). Here, we present a detailed structural analysis of R2lox in the nonactivated, reduced, and oxidized resting Mn/Fe- and Fe/Fe-bound states, as well as the nonactivated Mn/Mn-bound state. X-ray crystallography and x-ray absorption spectroscopy demonstrate that the active site ligand configuration of R2lox is essentially the same regardless of cofactor composition. Both the Mn/Fe and the diiron cofactor activate oxygen and catalyze formation of the ether cross-link, whereas the dimanganese cluster does not. The structures delineate likely routes for gated oxygen and substrate access to the active site that are controlled by the redox state of the cofactor. These results suggest that oxygen activation proceeds via similar mechanisms at the Mn/Fe and Fe/Fe center and that R2lox proteins might utilize either cofactor in vivo based on metal availability.
|
|
| 2. |
- Teixeira, Pedro F., et al.
(författare)
-
A Flowchart to Analyze Protease Activity in Plant Mitochondria
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Plant Mitochondria. - New York, NY : Springer-Verlag New York. - 9781493926398 - 9781493926381 ; 1305, s. 123-30
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proteases are one of the most abundant classes of enzymes and are involved in a plethora of biological processes in many cellular compartments, including the mitochondria. To understand the role of proteases is essential to determine their substrate repertoire, preferably in an in vivo setting. In this chapter we describe general guidelines to analyze protease activity using several strategies, from in-gel analysis to mass spectrometry mapping of the cleavage site(s) and fluorogenic probes that can easily be used in vivo. To exemplify this flowchart, we used the recently characterized organellar oligopeptidase of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), an enzyme that takes part in degradation of short peptides within mitochondria and chloroplasts.
|
|
