| 1. |
- Acunzo, David, et al.
(författare)
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Anomalous experiences are more prevalent among highly suggestible individuals who are also highly dissociative*
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1354-6805 .- 1464-0619. ; 25:3, s. 179-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Predictive coding models propose that high hypnotic suggestibility confers a predisposition to hallucinate due to an elevated propensity to weight perceptual beliefs (priors) over sensory evidence. Multiple lines of research corroborate this prediction and demonstrate a link between hypnotic suggestibility and proneness to anomalous perceptual states. However, such effects might be moderated by dissociative tendencies, which seem to account for heterogeneity in high hypnotic suggestibility. We tested the prediction that the prevalence of anomalous experiences would be greater among highly suggestible individuals who are also highly dissociative. Methods: We compared high and low dissociative highly suggestible participants and low suggestible controls on multiple psychometric measures of anomalous experiences. Results: High dissociative highly suggestible participants reliably reported greater anomalous experiences than low dissociative highly suggestible participants and low suggestible controls, who did not significantly differ from each other. Conclusions: These results suggest a greater predisposition to experience anomalous perceptual states among high dissociative highly suggestible individuals.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Cardeña, Etzel
(författare)
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Alejandro Parra and Dante’s eighth circle of hell
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Scientific Exploration. - : Society for Scientific Exploration. - 0892-3310. ; 35:3, s. 639-641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This commentary places Alejandro Parra’s very long list of plagiarisms and data misrepresentations within the context of Dante’s classification of human foibles. The responses from two Argentinean universities are described, along with continuing examples of Parra’s misrepresentations.
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| 4. |
- Cardeña, Etzel, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in State of Consciousness and Psi in Ganzfeld and Hypnosis Conditions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Parapsychology. - 0022-3387. ; 84:1, s. 66-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a previous experiment with participants high (Highs) and low (Lows) in hypnotizability,psi z scores had moderate to strong correlations with percipients’ belief of their success and theirprevious ostensible psi experiences, experiencing an Altered State of Consciousness and other alterationsof consciousness during a non-psi ganzfeld session, but only among the Highs. The currentpre-registered study had a larger N of only Highs, evaluated in hypnosis and hypnosis + ganzfeldprocedures. Participants (N = 35) served as “receivers” in two 20 min sessions of ganzfeld or hypnosisin counterbalanced order. Both sessions used hypnosis verbalizations, but only one of them hadsensory homogenization. The authors served as “sender” and “experimenter” in different buildings.As an index of experienced alterations of consciousness, participants filled out the Phenomenologyof Consciousness Inventory (PCI) at the beginning and end of the sessions, and gave a rating of0-100 to 4 film clips (one of them the target), from which psi z scores were derived. Overall, participantsdid not score better than chance and there was no difference between the conditions. However,for the ganzfeld sessions psi scores correlated moderately (r = .40, p = .02) with the PCI AlteredState shift scores (ganzfeld - baseline scores). Although the overall psi rate was not significant, wefound a relation between psi scoring and experiencing an Altered State in ganzfeld psi sessions.
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| 5. |
- Cardeña, Etzel
(författare)
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Depicting the Ethereal, Part I: Visual Art and Psi
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Parapsychology. - : Rhine Research Centre. - 0022-3387. ; 84:2, s. 202-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The turn from figurative art to the depiction of internal experiences opened the door for artists to represent anomalous experiences and ostensible psi phenomena. Various studies have described how Abstract art was influenced by Occultism, but there were other important influences. They include scientific theories of the ether and hypergeometric dimensions, the development of technological advances showing the reality of unseen electromagnetic waves and wireless communicationat a distance, Spiritualism, and the inception of psychical research. This paper focuses on how psi phenomena, research, and theory, o!en in conjunction with the other influences, have been an important topic and source of inspiration in various modern and contemporary movements including Surrealism and Abstract and Conceptual art.
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| 6. |
- Cardeña, Etzel
(författare)
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Derangement of the senses or alternate epistemological pathways? Altered consciousness and enhanced functioning
- 2020
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Ingår i: Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 2326-5523 .- 2326-5531. ; 7:3, s. 242-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article summarizes and integrates research on the relation between altered consciousness (including states and traits, as well as procedures and practices to induce them) and enhanced functioning. The latter include improved psychophysiological control as well as enhanced performance in controlled parapsychological experiments. Multiple studies on meditation, hypnosis, sensory homogenization, psychoactive drug ingestion, and spontaneous alterations of consciousness have demonstrated enhanced physiological (e.g., gastrointestinal and other somatic systems, heart rate and bleeding control, ability to withstand cold temperature and painful stimuli) and psychological (e.g., perceptual sensitivity, attention control and cognitive deautomatization, creativity, enhanced positive affect and personality change) functioning. Parapsychological (psi) research also indicates that when individuals are exposed to techniques to alter the state of consciousness such as sensory homogenization, meditation, hypnosis, and psychedelic drugs, they exhibit stronger evidence of psi functioning than when they are in ordinary waking consciousness, particularly if they are prone to having spontaneous alterations of consciousness and/or have had a mental practice for a long time. Recommendations for further development of research in this area are provided.
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| 7. |
- Cardeña, Etzel, et al.
(författare)
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Differentiating psychogenic nonepileptic from epileptic seizures: A mixed-methods, content analysis study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Epilepsy & Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-5069 .- 1525-5050. ; 109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Identification of clinical features that might distinguish psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES)from epileptic seizures (ES) is of value for diagnosis, management, and understanding of both conditions. Previousstudies have shown that patients' descriptions of their seizures reflect differences in content and delivery.Weaimed to compare verbal descriptions of PNES and ES using a mixed-methods approach.Methods: We analyzed data from semi-structured interviews in which patients with video-electroencephalography(EEG)-confirmed ES (n=30) or PNES (n=10) described their seizures. Two masked raters independentlycoded the transcripts for relevant psychological categories and discrepancies that were noted and resolved. Additionalanalyses were conducted using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count system. The identified phenomenawere descriptively compared, and inferential analyses assessed group differences in frequencies. A logisticregression analysis examined the predictive power of the most distinctive phenomena for diagnosis.Results: As compared with ES, PNES reported longer seizures, more preseizure negative emotions (e.g., fear), anxietysymptoms (e.g., arousal, hyperventilation), altered vision/olfaction, and automatic behaviors. During seizures,PNES reported more fear, altered breathing, and dissociative phenomena (depersonalization, impairedtime perception). Epileptic seizures reported more self-injurious behavior. Postseizure, PNES reported morefear and weeping and ES more amnesia and aches. The predictive power when including these variables was97.5%. None of the single predictor variables was significant. The few but consistent linguistic differences relatedto the use of some pronouns and references to family.Conclusions: Although no single clinical feature definitively distinguishes PNES from ES, several features may besuggestive of a PNES diagnosis, including longer duration, negative emotion (i.e., fear) throughout the events,preseizure anxiety, ictal dissociation, and postseizure weeping. Fewer reports of ictal self-injury and postseizureamnesia and aches may also indicate the possibility of PNES.
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| 8. |
- Cardeña, Etzel
(författare)
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Editorial: Art, PK, and a Farewell
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Parapsychology. - : Rhine Research Centre. - 0022-3387. ; 84:2, s. 154-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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