| 1. |
- Landin-Olsson, Mona, et al.
(author)
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Immunoreactive trypsin(Ogen) in the sera of children with recent-onset insulin-dependent diabetes and matched controls
- 1990
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In: Pancreas. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0885-3177. ; 5:3, s. 241-247
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To evaluate the exocrine pancreatic function at the time of diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, we determined immunoreactive an-odal and cathodal trypsin(ogen) levels in sera from almost all children (n = 375) 0-14 years of age in Sweden in whom diabetes developed during 1 year, and in sex-, age-, and geographically matched control subjects (n = 312). The median level of anodal trypsin(ogen) was 5 (quartile range, 3-7) µg/L in children with newly diagnosed diabetes, compared with a median level of 7 (quartile range, 4-8) µg/L in control subjects (p < 0.0001). Similarly, the median level of cathodal trypsin(ogen) was 8 (quartile range, 4-10) µg/L in children with diabetes, compared with a median level of 11 (quartile range, 7-15) µg/L in control subjects (p < 0.0001). The median of the individual ratios between cathodal and anodal trypsin(ogen) was 1.4 in the diabetic patients and 1.7 in the control children (p < 0.001). In a multivariate test, however, only the decrease in cathodal trypsin(ogen) concentration was associated with diabetes. The levels of trypsin(ogen)s did not correlate with levels of islet cell antibodies, present in 81% of the diabetic children. Several mechanisms may explain our findings, for example, similar pathogenetic factors may affect both the endocrine and exocrine pancreas simultaneously, a failing local trophic stimulation by insulin on the exocrine cells may decrease the trypsinogen production, and there may be an increased elimination of trypsin(ogen) because of higher filtration through the kidneys in the hyperglycemic state.
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| 2. |
- Carlsson, J, et al.
(author)
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Strategy for boron neutron capture therapy against tumor cells with over-expression of the epidermal growth factor-receptor.
- 1994
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In: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. - 0360-3016 .- 1879-355X. ; 30:1, s. 105-15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: Gliomas, squamous carcinomas and different adenocarcinomas from breast, colon and prostate might have an increased number of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors. The receptors are, in these cases, candidates for binding of receptor specific toxic conjugates that might inactivate cellular proliferation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether it is reasonable to try ligand-dextran based conjugates for therapy.METHODS AND MATERIALS: EGF or TGF alpha were conjugated to dextran and binding, internalization, retention and degradation of eight types of such conjugates were analyzed in EGF-receptor amplified glioma cells. The conjugates were labelled with radioactive nuclides to allow detection and two of the conjugates were carrying boron in the form of carboranyl amino acids or aminoalkyl-carboranes. Comparative binding tests, applying 125I-EGF, were made with cultured breast, colon and prostate adenocarcinoma, glioma and squamous carcinoma cells. Some introductory tests to label with 76Br for positron emission tomography and with 131I for radionuclide therapy were also made.RESULTS: The dextran part of the conjugates did not prevent receptor specific binding. The amount of receptor specific binding varied between the different types of conjugates and between the tested cell types. The dextran part improved intracellular retention and radioactive nuclides were retained for at least 20-24 h. The therapeutical effect improved when 131I was attached to EGF-dextran instead of native EGF.CONCLUSION: The improved cellular retention of the ligand-dextran conjugates is an important property since it gives extended exposure time when radionuclides are applied and flexibility in the choice of time for application of neutrons in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). It is possible that ligand-dextran mediated BNCT might allow, if the applied neutron fields covers rather wide areas around the primary tumor, locally spread cells that otherwise would escape treatment to be inactivated.
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| 3. |
- Kronberg, B, et al.
(author)
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Preparation and evaluation of sterically stabilized liposomes: colloidal stability, serum stability, macrophage uptake and toxicology
- 1990
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In: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - 0022-3549 .- 1520-6017. ; 79, s. 667-671
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sterically stabilized liposomes were produced by incorporating a nonionic surfactant, polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), into the lipid bilayer. The sterically stabilized liposomes exhibited a superior entrapment stability compared with surfactant-free liposomes (i.e., liposomes prepared with lipids and cholesterol). The sterically stabilized liposomes were stable at high calcium ion concentrations, and liposome-entrapped carboxyflourescein was retained within the stabilized liposomes in the presence of serum for at least 5 h. The macrophage uptake of the sterically stabilized liposomes was comparable to that of liposomes containing lipids and cholesterol. The sterically stabilized liposomes were non-toxic, in concentrations up to 3.0 mM, to macrophages. These results indicate that polysorbate 80 can be used to produce stable liposomes without changing the uniqe macrophage distribution of this drug delivery system.
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| 4. |
- Sundín, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Radioimmunolocalization of hepatic metastases and subcutaneous xenografts from a human colonic cancer in the nude rat : Aspects of tumour implantation site and mode of antibody administration
- 1993
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In: Acta Oncologica. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 32:7-8, s. 877-885
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Antibody localization was analyzed following intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intravenous (i.v.) injection of the 125I-labelled anti-CEA-MAb I-38S1 in 44 nude rats, in order to evaluate the influence of tumour implantation site and the route of MAb administration. The animals were xenografted with a human colonic cancer (LS 174 T), either in the form of hepatic metastases, subcutaneous (s.c.) tumours or both. Tissue measurements, 4 days after MAb injection, showed better uptake for hepatic than for s.c. tumours, irrespective of the route of antibody administration. Antibody accumulation per g liver metastases was not size dependent for noduli weighing between 4 and 1,110 mg. MAb excretion evaluated in 20 animals and blood activity studied in 11 rats were equivalent 24-96 h following i.p. and i.v. injection. Dissimilar autoradiographic patterns were seen in hepatic metastases with predominantly peripherally located clusters following i.p. and more homogeneously distributed grains after i.v. MAb administration. The results indicate that tumour implantation site has a quantitative, and the route of administration at least a qualitative impact on the tumour accretion of anti-CEA MAb I-38S1 in the present xenograft model.
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| 5. |
- Allard, Per, et al.
(author)
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Loss of dopamine uptake sites labeled with [3H]GBR-12935 in Alzheimer's disease.
- 1990
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In: European Neurology. - 0014-3022 .- 1421-9913. ; 30:4, s. 181-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The binding of the dopamine uptake inhibitor [3H]GBR-12935 to postmortem putamen from a control group and patients with Alzheimer's disease/senile dementia of Alzheimer type (AD/SDAT) or vascular dementia (VD) was studied. The binding density (Bmax) in AD/SDAT was significantly reduced to 50% of control. A reduction of Bmax in VD was also noted, but it did not reach statistical significance. No differences in apparent binding affinity (Kd) between controls and dementia groups were obtained. The concentrations of dopamine (DA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) and homovanillic acid were also determined. The concentrations of DA and DOPAC were reduced by 30-40% in AD/SDAT and VD, but the reductions did not reach statistical significance. The concentration of 3-MT was reduced by 40% in AD/SDAT and by 30% in VD. The [3H]GBR-12935-binding densities correlated significantly with corresponding concentrations of DA in control brains. It is suggested that the loss of [3H]GBR-12935-binding sites in human putamen in AD/SDAT reflects a degeneration of dopamine neurites.
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| 6. |
- Andersson-Engels, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Time-resolved and Wavelength-resolved Spectroscopy In 2-photon-excited Fluorescence Microscopy
- 1994
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In: Journal of Microscopy. - 0022-2720. ; 176, s. 195-203
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two-photon excited fluorescence spectroscopy has been performed at a microscopic scale in combination with normal, white-light microscopy. This gave simultaneously a spectral resolution of 20 nm and a temporal resolution of 20 ps, from a volume element less than 5 mu m in all three dimensions. The sample was excited with the light from a continuously mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser that was focused on the sample in a fluorescence microscope. A polychromator and a streak-camera were used for detection. The method has been used on tissue, plant and paper samples. It has also been demonstrated how substances naturally occurring in the samples can be identified from their spectroscopic properties and the spatial distribution of these substances can be observed.
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| 7. |
- Cardinale, F, et al.
(author)
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Aberrations in titre and avidity of serum IgM and IgG antibodies to microbial and food antigens in IgA deficiency.
- 1992
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In: Scandinavian journal of immunology. - 0300-9475. ; 36:2, s. 279-83
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The antibody levels and relative avidity of serum IgM and IgG antibodies against E. coli O antigens, poliovirus type 1 and beta-lactoglobulin were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent techniques in IgA deficient (IgAd) patients with frequent respiratory tract infections and healthy IgAd individuals. Healthy individuals with normal immunoglobulin levels served as controls. The IgM antibody levels against the bacterial, viral and food antigens and the IgG antibody levels against the bacterial antigens were significantly higher in the IgAd group with recurrent infections than in the group of healthy IgAd individuals. The symptomatic IgAd group had significantly higher levels of the IgG antibodies against the bacterial antigen, also when compared with controls. In contrast the healthy IgAd individuals had the highest avidities of IgM antibodies to the viral and food antigens. The high avidities of antibodies could be a compensatory host defence mechanism in IgAd. These aberrations may appear as a consequence of increased mucosal exposure in IgAd to antigens such as E. coli or beta-lactoglobulin, but presumably not to poliovirus which is only exceptionally present in the milieux. They could also be a result of the previously suggested dysregulation of antibody responses in IgAd.
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