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| 2. |
- Carpenter, J. M., et al.
(författare)
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Neurochemical and neuroinflammatory perturbations in two Gulf War Illness models : Modulation by the immunotherapeutic LNFPIII
- 2020
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Ingår i: Neurotoxicology. - : ELSEVIER. - 0161-813X .- 1872-9711. ; 77, s. 40-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gulf War Illness (GWI) manifests a multitude of symptoms, including neurological and immunological, and approximately a third of the 1990-1991 Gulf War (GW) veterans suffer from it. This study sought to characterize the acute neurochemical (monoamine) and neuroinflammatory profiles of two established GWI animal models and examine the potential modulatory effects of the novel immunotherapeutic Lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNFPIII). In Model 1, male C57BL/6J mice were treated for 10 days with pyridostigmine bromide (PB) and permethrin (PM). In Model 2, a separate cohort of mice were treated for 14 days with PB and N,N-Diethylmethylbenzamide (DEET), plus corticosterone (CORT) via drinking water on days 8-14 and diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) on day 15. LNFPIII was administered concurrently with GWI chemicals treatments. Brain and spleen monoamines and hippocampal inflammatory marker expression were examined by, respectively, HPLC-ECD and qPCR, 6 h post treatment cessation. Serotonergic (5-HT) and dopaminergic (DA) dyshomeostasis caused by GWI chemicals was apparent in multiple brain regions, primarily in the nucleus accumbens (5-HT) and hippocampus (5-FIT, DA) for both models. Splenic levels of 5-HT (both models) and norepinephrine (Model 2) were also disrupted by GWI chemicals. LNFPIII treatment prevented many of the GWI chemicals induced monoamine alterations. Hippocampal inflammatory cytokines were increased in both models, but the magnitude and spread of inflammation was greater in Model 2; LNFPIII was anti-inflammatory, more so in the apparently milder Model 1. Overall, in both models, GWI chemicals led to monoamine disbalance and neuroinflammation. LNFPIII co-treatment prevented many of these disruptions in both models, which is indicative of its promise as a potential GWI therapeutic.
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| 3. |
- Basu, Anwesha, et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of collective and noncollective structures in Xe 123
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. - 2469-9985. ; 101:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experiment involving a heavy-ion-induced fusion-evaporation reaction was carried out where high-spin states of Xe123 were populated in the Se80(Ca48,5n)Xe123 reaction at 207 MeV beam energy. Gamma-ray coincidence events were recorded with the Gammasphere Ge detector array. The previously known level scheme was confirmed and enhanced with the addition of five new band structures and several interband transitions. Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky (CNS) calculations were performed and compared with the experimental results in order to assign configurations to the bands.
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| 4. |
- Hollandi, R., et al.
(författare)
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nucleAIzer : A Parameter-free Deep Learning Framework for Nucleus Segmentation Using Image Style Transfer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cell Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4712. ; 10:5, s. 453-458.e6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single-cell segmentation is typically a crucial task of image-based cellular analysis. We present nucleAIzer, a deep-learning approach aiming toward a truly general method for localizing 2D cell nuclei across a diverse range of assays and light microscopy modalities. We outperform the 739 methods submitted to the 2018 Data Science Bowl on images representing a variety of realistic conditions, some of which were not represented in the training data. The key to our approach is that during training nucleAIzer automatically adapts its nucleus-style model to unseen and unlabeled data using image style transfer to automatically generate augmented training samples. This allows the model to recognize nuclei in new and different experiments efficiently without requiring expert annotations, making deep learning for nucleus segmentation fairly simple and labor free for most biological light microscopy experiments. It can also be used online, integrated into CellProfiler and freely downloaded at www.nucleaizer.org. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the Supplemental Information. Microscopy image analysis of single cells can be challenging but also eased and improved. We developed a deep learning method to segment cell nuclei. Our strategy is adapting to unexpected circumstances automatically by synthesizing artificial microscopy images in such a domain as training samples.
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| 5. |
- Mote, Ryan S., et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the Beneficial Effects of the Immunomodulatory Glycan LNFPIII on Gut Microbiota and Health in a Mouse Model of Gulf War Illness
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The microbiota’s influence on host (patho) physiology has gained interest in the context of Gulf War Illness (GWI), a chronic disorder featuring dysregulation of the gut–brain–immune axis. This study examined short- and long-term effects of GWI-related chemicals on gut health and fecal microbiota and the potential benefits of Lacto-N-fucopentaose-III (LNFPIII) treatment in a GWI model. Male C57BL/6J mice were administered pyridostigmine bromide (PB; 0.7 mg/kg) and permethrin (PM; 200 mg/kg) for 10 days with concurrent LNFPIII treatment (35 μg/mouse) in a short-term study (12 days total) and delayed LNFPIII treatment (2×/week) beginning 4 months after 10 days of PB/PM exposure in a long-term study (9 months total). Fecal 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on all samples post-LNFPIII treatment to assess microbiota effects of GWI chemicals and acute/delayed LNFPIII administration. Although PB/PM did not affect species composition on a global scale, it affected specific taxa in both short- and long-term settings. PB/PM elicited more prominent long-term effects, notably, on the abundances of bacteria belonging to Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families and the genus Allobaculum. LNFPIII improved a marker of gut health (i.e., decreased lipocalin-2) independent of GWI and, importantly, increased butyrate producers (e.g., Butyricoccus, Ruminococcous) in PB/PM-treated mice, indicating a positive selection pressure for these bacteria. Multiple operational taxonomic units correlated with aberrant behavior and lipocalin-2 in PB/PM samples; LNFPIII was modulatory. Overall, significant and lasting GWI effects occurred on specific microbiota and LNFPIII treatment was beneficial.
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| 6. |
- Rudolph, D., et al.
(författare)
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Single-particle and collective excitations in the N=28 isotones 54Fe and 53Mn
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9985. ; 102:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fusion-evaporation reaction 32S + 28Si at 125 MeV beam energy was used to populate high-spin states in the semimagic N = 28 nuclei 53Mn and 54Fe. With a combination of the Gammasphere spectrometer and ancillary devices including the Microball CsI(Tl) array, extensive high-spin level schemes are derived. They exhibit rotational-like collective structures and competing single-particle excitations. The experimental results are compared with predictions from shell-model calculations, for which the inclusion of isopin-symmetry-breaking terms is found to improve the description. An interpretation of the high-spin states is put forward using cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations, indicative of contributions from collective excitations beyond some 8-MeV excitation energy and highlighting the importance of the g9/2 intruder orbital in this energy range.
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| 7. |
- Abercrombie, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Dark Matter benchmark models for early LHC Run-2 Searches : Report of the ATLAS/CMS Dark Matter Forum
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physics of the Dark Universe. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-6864. ; 27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This document is the final report of the ATLAS-CMS Dark Matter Forum, a forum organized by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations with the participation of experts on theories of Dark Matter, to select a minimal basis set of dark matter simplified models that should support the design of the early LHC Run-2 searches. A prioritized, compact set of benchmark models is proposed, accompanied by studies of the parameter space of these models and a repository of generator implementations. This report also addresses how to apply the Effective Field Theory formalism for collider searches and present the results of such interpretations.
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| 9. |
- Fernandez, David C. Del Rey, et al.
(författare)
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Entropy-stable p-nonconforming discretizations with the summation-by-parts property for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations
- 2020
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Ingår i: Computers & Fluids. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0045-7930 .- 1879-0747. ; 210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The entropy-conservative/stable, curvilinear, nonconforming, p-refinement algorithm for hyperbolic conservation laws of Del Rey Fernandez et al. (2019) is extended from the compressible Euler equations to the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. A simple and flexible coupling procedure with planar interpolation operators between adjoining nonconforming elements is used. Curvilinear volume metric terms are numerically approximated via a minimization procedure and satisfy the discrete geometric conservation law conditions. Distinct curvilinear surface metrics are used on the adjoining interfaces to construct the interface coupling terms, thereby localizing the discrete geometric conservation law constraints to each individual element. The resulting scheme is entropy conservative/stable, element-wise conservative, and freestream preserving. Viscous interface dissipation operators that retain the entropy stability of the base scheme are developed. The accuracy and stability of the resulting numerical scheme are shown to be comparable to those of the original conforming scheme in Carpenter et al. (2014) and Parsani et al. (2016), i.e., this scheme achieves similar to p 1/2 convergence on geometrically high-order distorted element grids; this is demonstrated in the context of the viscous shock problem, the Taylor-Green vortex problem at a Reynolds number of Re = 1, 600, and a subsonic turbulent flow past a sphere at Re = 2, 000. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 10. |
- Lade, Steven J., et al.
(författare)
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Human impacts on planetary boundaries amplified by Earth system interactions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Sustainability. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2398-9629. ; 3:2, s. 119-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The planetary boundary framework presents a ‘planetary dashboard’ of humanity’s globally aggregated performance on a set of environmental issues that endanger the Earth system’s capacity to support humanity. While this framework has been highly influential, a critical shortcoming for its application in sustainability governance is that it currently fails to represent how impacts related to one of the planetary boundaries affect the status of other planetary boundaries. Here, we surveyed and provisionally quantified interactions between the Earth system processes represented by the planetary boundaries and investigated their consequences for sustainability governance. We identified a dense network of interactions between the planetary boundaries. The resulting cascades and feedbacks predominantly amplify human impacts on the Earth system and thereby shrink the safe operating space for future human impacts on the Earth system. Our results show that an integrated understanding of Earth system dynamics is critical to navigating towards a sustainable future.
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